Experiences of Using Alternative Raw Materials in Manufacturing of Refractory Materials

摘要

The article describes the experiences of alternative materials for the manufacturing of the refractory materials in the company P-D Refractories CZ a.s.The attention is focused on energy by-products( EBP).Energy by-products are generated during burning and desulphurization in thermal power plants.Classical high-temperature fly ash( class F fly ash according to ASTM C618) is the most important and fly ash from fluidized technology( class C fly ash) is the second group.In the Czech Republic,power plants produce about 14 million tons of energy by-products every year.Utilization of these products in ceramic technology means a reduction of raw material costs and also it helps to reduce adverse environmental impact.Class F fly ash( FFA) and cinder from high temperature combustion( CD) were used in lightweight insulation fireclay bricks.We can use these materials as a grog and a lightening agent for materials with bulk density over 900 kg·m- 3and classification temperature up to 1 150 ℃.Class C fly ash( CFA) is being tested in a wide range of the refractory materials.For example, it can be used in lightweight fireclay bricks,fireclay bricks for stoves,acid-resistant fireclay bricks or refractory castables.The range of potential products,where EBP could be used,is very wide and energy by-products have become an important raw material source.