风区停留动车组的纵向气动力仿真及防溜计算

摘要

为研究高速动车组在风区的防溜安全问题,首先建立8车编组的CRH2G型动车组的数值仿真模型,计算不同风速、不同风向角下动车组的纵向气动力;然后建立动车组在坡道停留时的力学模型,按照动车组在纵向气动力、起动阻力、停放制动力及铁鞋制动力的综合作用下能够保持停放稳定不溜逸的要求,确定不同工况下需要为动车组设置铁鞋的数量.结果表明:风致纵向气动力的最不利风向角约为30°;在动车组停放制动正常且超载状态下,仅在风速17级(60m·s-1)和坡度22‰的工况下需要为头车设置1个铁鞋,其他工况下均无需为动车组设置铁鞋;在动车组停放制动失效且超载状态下,当动车组停留在22‰坡度的线路上时,风速自0级直至14级(47.5m,s-1)工况下至少需要设置4个铁鞋,风速达15～17级(51.7～60.0m·s-1)工况下,至少需要设置5个铁鞋;在最不利的17级(60.0 m·s-1)环境风条件下仿真计算出的铁鞋设置数量低于现行铁总办法规定的铁鞋设置数量.%For the anti rolling away safety problem of high speed EMU parking in wind area,the numerical simulation model of CRH2G EMU with 8-car formation was first established to compute the longitudinal aerodynamic forces under different wind speeds and wind directions.Then the mechanical model of EMU stopping on ramp was built to determine the number of iron shoes needed for EMU under different working conditions in order to keep EMU stable parking without rolling away under the comprehensive effect of longitudinal aerodynamic force,starting resistance,parking brake force and iron shoe brake force.Conclusions can be summarized as follows:the worst wind direction of wind-induced longitudinal aerodynamic force is about 30°.When the parking brake system is normal for the overloaded EMU,1 iron shoe is needed for the head car only under 17th wind grade (60 m · s-1) and line slope of 22‰.No iron shoe is needed for other working conditions.When the parking brake system fails to work for the overloaded EMU on the line slope of 22‰,at least 4 iron shoes are needed under the wind speed from 0 to 14th wind grade (47.5 m · s-1).At least 5 iron shoes are needed under the wind speed from 15th to 17th wind grade (51.7 ～60.0 m · s-1).Under the most unfavorable 17th wind grade (60.0 m · s-1),the number of iron shoes set by simulation is lower than that by the current measures of Railway Corporation.