陆相断陷盆地源-汇理论工业化应用初探——以渤海海域为例

摘要

Petroleum exploration practice has proved that the idea of source-to-sink can be successfully applied to depositional system analysis in complex continental rift basin.Taking Bohai sea area as an example,the research idea,main contents and key technologies of industrial application for source-to-sink theo ry in continental rift basin are systematically elaborated.The research idea is to consider the source-to-sink system as a whole.The spatio-temporal coupling relationship of the sediment supply,transport and gathering should be analyzed rather than focusing on a single factor's control on sediment.The main research contents include sequence stratigraphy,source-to-sink subsystems and supplied sediment flux characterization,sand-delivery pathways,transport sediment flux characterization,slope characterization,source-tosink system coupling model and sedimentary response.Three key charts and two key tables such as the source-to-sink system sequence stratigraphy integrated chart,the palaeogeographic framework chart of source system,the depositional system chart of source-to-sink system,the supplied sediment flux table and the transported sediment flux table should be accomplished.The key technologies include the sequence stratigraphic analysis,seismic stratigraphic analysis,the seismic sedimentology analysis,the restoration of paleogeomorphology of provenance,the provenance tracing techniques and the sedimentary process modeling.The established research criterion of the source-to-sink system in continental rift basin has a practical significance for its industrial application in continental rift basin.%油气勘探实践表明,源-汇思想可以成功应用于复杂陆相断陷盆地的沉积体系分析.以渤海海域为例,系统梳理了陆相断陷盆地源-汇系统研究思路、工业化应用的主要研究内容和关键技术.陆相断陷盆地源-汇理论的主要研究思路就是将物源体系到汇聚体系作为一个整体进行分析,要分析物源供给、碎屑物质搬运及物源-汇聚等要素在时间和空间上的耦合关系,而不是分析单一要素对沉积体的控制作用;源-汇理论工业化应用的主要研究内容包括源-汇系统层序地层格架建立、物源子系统分析、物质供给通量表征、输砂通道子系统分析与搬运通量表征、坡折子系统描述与表征、源-汇系统耦合模式与沉积响应分析,须编制关键的“三图两表”,即源-汇系统层序地层综合图、物源供给系统古地理格架图、源-汇沉积体系平面图,以及物源供给通量表、沉积搬运物通量表;陆相断陷盆地源-汇理论工业化应用的关键技术主要包括层序地层分析技术、地震地层学分析技术、地震沉积学分析技术、物源区古地貌恢复技术、物源示踪技术、沉积过程模拟技术等.本文初步建立的陆相断陷盆地源-汇系统研究规范对陆相断陷盆地源-汇理论的工业化应用推广具有一定的指导意义.