神东矿区早期由于设备、回采工艺及历史原因等采用了房柱式开采.该工艺回采率低,遗留了大量煤柱,造成下层煤开采时矿压显现剧烈并存在有毒有害气体,严重影响采掘安全.鉴于此,阐述了房柱式采空区下综采工作面动载矿压的形成机理,可概括为3个阶段:①上覆房采煤柱受二次采动影响发生崩解破坏,顶板出现裂隙和弯曲下沉;②下分层综采工作面的破坏裂隙扩展至整个岩层;③上覆残留煤柱的回旋断裂与下分层综采工作面周期来压叠加,形成动载矿压.总结了安全掘进和回采的技术方案,主要包括3方面:①设计初期,合理布置采掘工作面位置;②回采时采用微震监测、矿压监测、地表裂隙与沉降观测的技术措施;③采用的工程措施主要有残留煤柱爆破、地表预裂技术及采空区充填.%Due to equipment ,mining process and historical reasons ,the room and pillar mining had been more widely adopted in Shendong mining area .The process of extraction rate is low ,left a large amount of coal pillar .Violent pressure ,toxic and harmful gases occurred under gob left by room and pillar mining , which seriously affected the mining safety .Given this ,the mechanism of formation is expounded and can be summarized into three stages :the room pillar happened disintegrating failure influenced by second mining coal ,roof cracks and bending down ,damage fracture of lower slice full-mechanized mining face extended to the whole rock formations .The cyclotron fracture of overlying pillar residue and periodic roof pressure of lower slice full-mechanized mining face are superimposed ,forming a dynamic load pressure .Three points are mainly talked about the technical solution of safe driving and extraction:reasonable decorate working face location ,using microseismic monitoring technology ,mine pressure monitoring ,surface crack and subsidence observation ,the engineering measures are mainly residual pillar surface pre-splitting blasting technology and goaf filling .
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