目的:分析经皮椎体成形术(PVP)和经皮椎体后凸成形术(PKP)常见的并发症及其发生的原因,探讨其防治策略.方法:2008年5月～2010年2月,采用C形臂X线机透视下进行PVP和PKP共86例(104个椎体),发生并发症5例共6个椎体,对其所发生的5例并发症进行回顾性分析.结果:经PVP与PKP治疗86例104节椎体病变,其中4例骨质疏松性压缩骨折患者,共5个椎体在术中发生骨水泥(聚甲基丙烯酸甲脂,PMMA)渗漏;另外1例乳腺癌并多发胸椎转移患者1个椎体术中出现恶心、呕吐且出现轻度肺栓塞,经对症处理后均消失.并发症总发生率为5.7%(6/104).结论:导致并发症发生的主要原因有骨质疏松较重,椎体皮质不完整,操作技术不成熟,骨水泥注入时机和注入量欠佳,术中C形臂X线机透视监测不理想,骨水泥本身的毒性等.认为严格掌握适应证及禁忌证,规范手术操作,准确掌握骨水泥注入时机和注入量,术中严密的X线透视监测及心电监护可降低并发症的发生;积极防治并发症可提高治愈率.%Objective: To analyze the complications and the reasons, and explore the preventive strategies to percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) and percutaneous kypho-plasty (PKP). Methods: 86 cases (104 vertebrae) who underwent PVP or PKP under C-arm X-ray fluoroscopy from May 2008 to February 2010. 5 cases (6 vertebrae) with complications were analyzed retrospectively. Results: 86 cases (104 vertebrae) who underwent PVP or PKP, PMMA leakage occurred in 5 of 4 osteoporosis; one patient who had thoracic metastasis underwent nauseating vomiting during the operation and the patient got relieved after symptomatic therapy. The overall complication rate was 5.7％ (6/104). Condusion: Major causes of complications include severe osteoporosis, cortical incomplete, unskillful procedure, bone cement into the inappropriate timing and injection volume, unfavorable operative monitor of C-arm X-ray fluoroscopy, and toxicity of bone cement. Ptevention methods included strict indication and contraindication for PVP or PKP, standardized operation, accurate timing of bone cement injection and well-planned quantity, rigorous monitoring of fluoroscopy and electrocardiograph, preventing complications positively can improve the cure rate.
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