Objective: To investigate and analyze the biomechanics characteristics of different fixed materials and instruments in orthopedics and their application in patients so as to provide references for enhancing the effective application of fixed materials in orthopedics. Methods: 60 different fixed materials and instruments in orthopedics were divided into two groups (30 pieces in shape memory alloy group and 30 pieces in stainless steel group) according to their texture. The biomechanics performance of these materials were compared. At the same time, 60 patients received intra fixed surgery were selected and Logistics regression was implemented to analyze the effect factors of infection after fixed material was implanted in body. Finally, the relative ameliorative measures were formulated depended on the results of testing. Results: For biomechanics characteristics of fixed materials, memory alloy was significantly better than stainless steel. The stress shielding of fixed plate by using memory alloy was significantly better than that of stainless steel. The infection situations of 60 patients who received implanted instrument revealed that 30 cases were infection and 30 cases were not infection. After instruments were implanted, the effect factors of infection were analyzed and its results revealed that the standard degree of sterile operation, serious degree of admittance for instrument, the standard degree of sterilization for instrument and preparation degree of instrument were negative correlation with the infection situation after the instruments were implanted in body. Conclusion: The improvement of different fixed materials not only can enhance the resistance to corrosion for material and biocompatibility, but also should pay attention to sterilization of instrument, sterile operation, admittance situation of instrument and preparation for instrument so as to reduce infection rate after instrument is implanted in body and ensure the safety of orthopedic surgery.%目的:分析骨科不同固定材料生物力学性能及应用情况,为提高骨科固定材料的有效应用提供参考.方法:选取60件骨科不同固定材料器械作为研究对象,按照器械的材质不同将其分为两组,材质为形状记忆合金的骨科器械为形状记忆合金组;材质为不锈钢的骨科器械为不锈钢钢板组,每组30件,对比两组器械材料的生物力学性能.同时选取60例骨外科行内固定术的患者,采用Logistics回归分析对影响植入器械后感染的因素进行分析,依据试验结果制定相关的改良措施.结果:两组不同骨科固定器械材料的生物力学性能有显著差异,记忆合金材料显著优于不锈钢材料;记忆合金材料骨科固定板的应力遮挡显著优于不锈钢材料的骨科固定板.60例患者骨科手术使用植入器械的感染情况显示,30例感染,30例无感染.分析影响植入器械后感染的因素发现,无菌操作越规范,器械准入越严格,器械消毒灭菌越规范,器械准备越充分骨科植入器械术后感染越少.结论:骨科不同固定材料器械的改良除了提高材料的抗腐蚀性和生物相容性等之外,还应重点关注器械的消毒灭菌、无菌操作、器械准入状况和器械准备情况,以减少骨科置入器械的术后感染率,保障手术的安全.
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