目的:研究深圳大鹏新区学龄前儿童缺铁性贫血(IDA)患病率现状,并分析其影响因素,为预防和治疗儿童IDA提供科学依据.方法:收集深圳大鹏新区2850名进行体检的学龄前儿童,按儿童年龄将其分为0~1岁组(781名),1~3岁组(806名),3~4岁组(732名)和4~6岁组(531名);对检测出IDA的患儿分别进行性别、居住环境问卷调查、体格检查、血常规及血清铁检测,对检测结果进行统计,并分析IDA发病率及发病原因.结果:在2850例学龄前儿童中共检出IDA患儿305例,检出率为10.70%;发出问卷305份,收回305份,收回率为100%;其中男儿童和女儿童IDA患病率分别为10.58%和10.84%,两者比较差异无统计学意义;农村儿童IDA患病率为18.21%,明显高于城区5.00%的患病率,两者比较差异有统计学意义(x2=10.325,P<0.05);在305例IDA患儿中,轻度贫血249例,占81.64%(249/305),中度贫血45例,占14.75%,重度贫血11例,占3.61%,轻度贫血儿童分别与中度贫血和重度贫血儿童比较,差异有统计学意义(x2=23.129, x2=35.942;P<0.01).在4组学龄前儿童中,0~1岁组儿童IDA患病率为15.49%,明显高于其他年龄组,差异均有统计学意义(x2=5.315,x2=11.027,x2=11.751;P<0.05),其次为1~3岁组,患病率为10.30%(83/806),高于3~4岁组和4~6岁组,差异有统计学意义(x2=4.027,x2=4.205;P<0.05),而3~4岁组与4~6岁组儿童IDA患病率比较,差异无统计学意义(x2=0.538, P>0.05);人工喂养、早产儿、出生低体重和妊娠贫血是引起儿童IDA发病的主要影响因素,导致儿童IDA发病率分别为16.24%,10.73%,14.93%和10.29%.结论:深圳大鹏新区学龄前儿童有一定的IDA发病率,好发于0~3岁和农村儿童,以轻度贫血为主.人工喂养、早产儿、出生低体重和妊娠贫血是引起儿童IDA发病的主要影响因素.%Objective: To understand the current situation about prevalence rate of iron deficiency anemia(IDA) in preschool children of Dapeng new district of Shenzhen city, and analyze its influence factor so as to provide scientific basis for preventing and treating IDA of child. Methods: 2850 children of 0-6 years old in the Dapeng new district who received physical examination were enrolled in the research. And all of them were divided into 0-1 year old group(781 cases), 1-3 years old group(806 cases), 3-4 years old group(732 cases) and 4-6 years old group(531 cases). And then questionnaire survey that included gender and dwelling environment, physical examination, blood routine examination and serum iron detection for children with IDA were carried out, and the results were counted. And as these results, the prevalence rate and aetiological agent of IDA were further analyzed. Results: In the 2850 children, 305 cases were IDA and the detection rate was 10.70%. The recovery rate of 305 questionnaires was 100%, and the prevalence rates of IDA in male and female were 10.58% and 5.12%, respectively, there was no statistically significant difference between them. The prevalence rate of IDA in rural children(18.21%) was significantly higher than that in urban children (5.00%)(x2=10.325, P<0.05). In 305 children with IDA, 249 cases were mild anemia(249/305, 81.64%), and it was significantly higher than moderate anemia (45 cases, 45/305, 14.75%) and severe anemia(11 cases, 11/305, 3.61%)(x2=23.129, x2=35.942, P< 0.01), respectively. In the 4 groups, the prevalence rate of IDA in 0-1 year old group was highest(15.49%), and it was significantly higher than that of other 3 groups(x2=5.315, x2=11.027, x2=11.751, P<0.05), respectively. And the prevalence rate of IDA in 1-3 years old group(83/806, 10.30%) was significantly higher than that of 3-4 years old group and 4-6 years old group(x2=4.027, x2=4.205, P<0.05). However, the difference of prevalence rate between 3-4 years old group and 4-6 years old group was no significant(x2=0.538, P>0.05). Artificial feeding, premature infant, low birth weight and gestational anemia were the main factors that caused IDA of children, and the prevalence rates that caused by corresponding reasons were 16.24%, 10.73%, 14.93% and 10.29%, respectively. Conclusion: There is a certain prevalence rate of IDA in preschool children of 0~6 years older of Dapeng new district of Shenzhen, and the IDA mainly existed in 0-3 years old children and rural children, and the most of children were mild anemia. Besides, artificial feeding, premature infant, low birth weight and gestational anemia were the main factors causing IDA of children.
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