滚动轴承外圈故障的显式有限元动态仿真分析

摘要

In order to study the operation and the vibration characteristics of rolling bearings with an early and weak fault, using software ANSYS/LS-DYNA a finite element model of the rolling bearing with an outer ring fault was built. The model was based on an explicit algorithm, the element used single point integral algorithm and the model fully considered the rotational speed, radial force, contact and friction. It was simulated successfully the operation of the fault rolling bearing. From the simulation results, the effective stress value of the fault outer ring is much higher than the value of the inner ring, the cage and the rolling elements which have no fault. By the analysis of the nodes on the raceway of the outer ring, the displacement responses of the nodes can reflect the fault characteristic frequency, while the amplitudes of the vibration responses are slightly different. After FFT analysis, the velocity responses and the acceleration responses can partly find the fault characteristic frequency. These provide a method for researching failure mechanism and detecting the faults of rolling bearing.%为研究带有早期微弱故障的滚动轴承运转及振动特点,应用ANSYS/LS-DYNA软件建立了滚动轴承常见的外圈裂纹故障有限元模型.该模型以显式算法为基础,单元采用单点积分方式,在充分考虑轴承转速、负载、接触及摩擦的条件下,成功地对滚动轴承外圈裂纹故障进行了仿真分析.仿真结果表明:在轴承转速和径向载荷一定的条件下,带有裂纹故障的轴承外圈的等效应力要明显高于没有故障的轴承内圈、保持架及滚动体的等效应力；轴承外圈滚道不同位置节点的振动响应均能体现故障特征频率,但幅值略有差别；速度及加速度响应在经过FFT变换后能部分找到故障特征频率.仿真结果对轴承故障检测能起到一定的指导作用.