可视标准通道联合可视超细通道经皮肾镜取石术精准穿刺治疗复杂性肾结石的临床应用

摘要

目的 探讨可视标准通道联合可视超细通道经皮肾镜取石术(PCNL)精准穿刺治疗复杂性肾结石的临床疗效和安全性.方法 2015年6月-2016年10月,采取可视标准通道超声气压弹道碎石联合可视超细通道PCNL精准穿刺钬激光碎石对48例复杂性肾结石患者进行多通道碎石取石术.包括鹿角形结石10例,肾多发结石38例.结果 48例患者共建立110个通道.其中4例术前肾功能不全合并感染者穿刺中发现积脓且结石负荷较大,术中改行肾造瘘术加PCNL简单处理梗阻部位结石;44例完成一期手术:单通道5例,双通道24例,三通道15例;二期手术8例,新建通道12个.两期中单侧首次手术完成时间平均75(35~125)min.一期清除率79.2%(38/48),二期术后结石总清除率87.5%(42/48).6例残石结合体外冲击波碎石术(ESWL)及药物排石,术后随访3个月,6例结石排净,总清石率100.0%(48/48).两期术后无脓毒血症、大出血和输尿管损伤等严重并发症.结论 可视标准通道联合可视超细通道PCNL精准穿刺治疗复杂性肾结石安全有效、清石率高,且并发症低,可以在临床推广.%Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of visual standard channel combined with visual ultrafine channel PCNL precision puncture in treatment of complex renal calculi. Methods From June 2015 to October 2016, 48 cases of complicated renal calculi were treated with multi-channel lithotripsy with visual standard channel ultrasonic pneumatic lithotripsy combined with visual superfine channel PCNL precision puncture holmium laser lithotripsy. Including 10 cases of staghorn stone, 38 cases of multiple renal stones. Results 110 channels were established in 48 patients. 4 cases of preoperative renal insufficiency with infection in the puncture found in the pus and stones load larger, intraoperative diarrhea and PCNL simple treatment of obstruction site stones; 44 cases to complete one of the surgery: There were single channel established in every one of 5 cases, and double channels established in every one of 24 cases, three channels in established in every one of 15 cases; There were two cases of surgery in 8 cases and there were 12 new channels established. The average time of unilateral first operation was 75 (35 ~ 125) min. The first clearance rate was 79.2% (38/48), and the total clearance rate of postoperative stone was 87.5% (42/48). 6 cases of residual stone combined with ESWL and drug row of stone, followed up for 3 months, 6 cases of stone row net, the total stone clearance rate of 100.0% (48/48). Two consecutive postoperative no sepsis, bleeding, ureteral injury and other serious complications. Conclusions Visual standard channel combined with visual superfine channel PCNL precise puncture for the treatment of complex renal calculi is safe and effective, with high fruiting rate and low complication, which can be popularized in clinical practice.