中国主要河流中硝基苯生态风险研究

摘要

An ecological risk assessment (ERA) of nitrobenzene exposed to aquatic ecosystem was conducted by quotient method and a probabilistic approach based on the observed nitrobenzene concentrations in different rivers in China. The aquatic toxicity data of nitrobenzene were acquired from USEPA AQUIRE database. The results showed that the potential ecological risk of nitrobenzene in main rivers of China is quite low: hazard quotients (HQ) are all much less than unity; while the probabilities at 1％ and 5％ of the affected aquatic organisms in the worst case are 1.49％ and 0.22％, respectively. However, at the maximum allowable concentrations of nitrobenzene by the national wastewater discharge standard class Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ, 35.57％, 48.38％ and 64.59％ of the aquatic organisms could be adversely affected, respectively.%基于文献报道的中国主要河流中硝基苯(NB)的浓度数据,结合USEPA毒性数据库中NB对水生生物的毒性数据.运用商值法和概率风险评价法对中国主要河流中NB的水生生态风险进行评价分析.结果表明,中国主要河流中NB的潜在生态风险相对较小:风险熵(HQ)均<1,极端情况(环境中最大暴露浓度)下,影响1%和5%的水生生物的概率分别为1.49%和0.22%.然而,按照我国污水综合排放标准中硝基苯类的一级、二级、三级最高允许排放标准,将分别有35.57%、48.38%和64.59%的生物受到影响.