不同饲喂模式对断奶前犊牛消化代谢及生长性能的影响

摘要

To observe the effects of feed form on growth performance and the digestibility in preweaning calves, forty-four Holstein calves with the similar BW and birthday were selected and allotted randomly to two groups. Calves in group I were fed in traditional feeding pattern （alfafa hay ＋ powder starter＋milk）. Calves in group Ⅱ were fed in the modern feeding pattern （pellet starter＋milk）. All the calves were weaned at 60d. The result indicated that DMI of group Ⅰ was significantly higher than that of group Ⅱ （P〈0.05）. Average daily gain（ADG）, average height, average body length, average heart girth and average circumference of cannon bone of calves were not significant different between the two feeding modes（P〉0.05）. The apparent digestibilities of CP, EE and phosphorus of the calves in group Ⅱ were obviously higher than thats in group Ⅰ （P〈0.05）. The glucose and triglycerides contents were similar （P〉0.05） at 45d and 60d, serum total protein content in group Ⅱ was significantly higher than that of group Ⅰ （P〈0.05）. Serum urea nitrogen content was significantly higher in group Ⅰ than group Ⅱ at 45d（P〈0.05）. During the whole trial, diarrhea rate in group Ⅱ （2.39%） was lower than that of group Ⅰ （3.12%）. Feeding pellet starter for calves preweaning can help to reduce the diarrhea rate and enhance the adaptation to the solid feed.%本试验旨在研究不同饲喂方式对断奶前犊牛生长性能的影响。试验选择46头体重和出生日期相近的犊牛，随机分成两组，每组23头。其中，Ⅰ组采用传统饲喂模式（粉状开食料＋干草＋牛奶），从4日龄开始补充粉状开食料，10日龄开始补充苜蓿干草和精饲料，干草自由采食；Ⅱ组采用现代饲喂模式（颗粒型开食料＋牛奶），从4日龄开始补充颗料型开食料。两组均60日龄断奶。结果表明，Ⅰ组犊牛日均干物质采食量显著高于Ⅱ组（P〈0．05），但两组的平均日增重、体高、体斜长、胸围、前管围均无显著差异（p〉0．05）；血清中葡萄糖（GLU）、甘油三酯（TG）水平组间无差异（P〉0．05），45d、60dⅡ组总蛋白（TP）浓度显著高于Ⅰ组（P〈0．05），45dⅠ组尿素氮（BUN）显著高于Ⅱ组（P〈0．05）；Ⅱ组CP、EE和P的表观消化率显著高于Ⅰ组（P〈0．05）；Ⅱ组犊牛腹泻率（2．39％）低于Ⅰ组（3．12％）。试验表明，断奶前饲喂颗粒开食料有利于降低犊牛腹泻的发生率，提高犊牛对固体饲料的适应性。