近些年，受自然界中具有超疏水性表面的动植物的启发，在结合外部环境的影响并充分考虑表面化学组成与表面微观结构的基础上，科学研究工作者们已经探究出超疏水性表面的制备方法，并成功制备出超疏水性能表面。伴随研究者们对超疏水性表面更加深入的研究，众多制备超疏水表面的方法不断出现，本文介绍了影响表面润湿性的因素，归纳超疏水涂层表面的6种常用的制备方法，其中包括等离子体法、刻蚀法、溶胶-凝胶法、沉积法、模板法、层-层自组装法等方法，以及超疏水表面在流体减阻、防积雪防冰冻、防腐蚀、油水分离等方面的应用情况；并对超疏水将来的发展进行了展望。应进一步研究力学性能的稳定性、被损的自修复能力等。%Nature has long been considered as a source of inspiration for researchers. Super-hydrophobic surface,which are inspired by the super-hydrophobic structures of animals and plants combing with the influences of external environment and are taken full consideration of surface chemical composition together with the surface microstructure,have been studied and successfully prepared. In this paper the numerous preparation methods continually emerge with the further research for super-hydrophobic surface. Six common preparation methods including plasma method, etching,sol-gel,deposition,template and layer-by-layer method for super-hydrophobic coating were reviewed. Besides,the related application in drag reduction,anti-icing and anti-snowing,corrosion resistance and oil-water separation were introduced. The growth trends of super-hydrophobic surface were also prospected.
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