金属有机骨架用于气体存储、吸附分离的研究进展

摘要

金属有机骨架(MOFs)由于具有大比表面积、高孔隙率、可调孔径、结构多样、开放的金属位点和化学可修饰性等诸多优点而被广泛用于气体的吸附分离研究.本文对近年来MOFs在气体存储、吸附分离领域的研究进展进行了综述,讨论了不同MOFs对氢气、甲烷的存储性能和存储机理及对二氧化碳、低碳烃等的分离性能和吸附机理,指出MOFs材料的比表面积、孔结构、金属位点、π-π键合作用、可修饰基团等是影响不同MOFs吸附分离过程的重要参数.有目的的功能化改性是提高MOFs材料选择性吸附分离性能的有效方法,但目前仍普遍存在存储吸附性能不够、稳定性不强、成本过高等问题,只有解决这些问题才能使MOFs大量从实验室走向工业化.%Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)are widely studied in gas adsorption and separation for their inherent advantages,including high specific surface area,high porosity,tunable pore sizes, structural diversity,open metal sites and easy chemical modifications. This review focused on recent research progress of MOFs in the storage of H2 and CH4 and in the separation of CO2/N2 and light hydrocarbons,etc. It is pointed that the properties of gas adsorption and separation in MOFs are affected by various parameters such as specific surface area,porosity,the central metal ions,π-πstacking/interactions,organic ligands,etc. Rational design and functionalization on MOFs are effective methods to improve their adsorption and separation properties. To achieve the practical application of MOFs,more efforts should be taken to improve the stability and reduce the cost.