超临界二氧化碳中合成环碳酸酯的催化剂研究进展

摘要

超临界二氧化碳(scCO2)是一种环境友好型溶剂,它作为传统有机溶剂的替代品已被广泛应用于绿色化学过程的开发.其中,环氧化合物在超临界二氧化碳中制备环碳酸酯是实现二氧化碳高附加值转化的有效途径之一.本文回顾了近年来在超临界二氧化碳中合成环碳酸酯的研究进展,着重介绍了不同种类的催化剂,包括金属配合物、季盐、二元催化体系、离子液体、金属氧化物、有机小分子及其他类型催化剂在该反应体系中的应用,突出了超临界二氧化碳既作为溶剂,又作为反应物的双重优势.从经济和环境角度考虑,离子液体或季盐等有机催化剂具有更好的工业化应用前景.同时,指出了高效和绿色催化体系设计和创制是该研究领域的关键.%Supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) has been widely used as an environmentally friendly solvent to replace the conventional organic solvent in green chemical processes.Among those applications reported,the synthesis of cyclic carbonates from epoxides in supercritical CO2 has received a great interest.This review covered the recent progress in the synthesis of cyclic carbonates under supercritical carbon dioxide,with an emphasis on the state of the art of different kinds of catalysts employed in this reaction,including metal complex,quaternary onium salts,binary catalytic systems,ionic liquids,metal oxide,organocatalysts,et al.Furthermore,the advantages of supercritical carbon dioxide both as solvent and as reactant for this transformation were highlighted.From the economic and environmental point of view,organic catalysts,such as ionic liquids and quatemary onium salts,show promising potential application in the future development of chemical industry.It was also pointed out that the design and preparation of efficient and green catalysts are critical to this research field.