B cells are essential components of the adaptive immune system and undergo differentiation and maturation during infection or immune stimulation to produce antibodies that can specifically recognize and bind to antigens.Germinal centers(GCs)are microanatomical sites for the clonal expansion and antibody affinity maturation of B cells.In the dark zone(DZ)of the germinal center,B cells rapidly proliferate,and somatic hypermutation(SHM)of B cell antigen receptors(BCRs)occurs.B cells then migrate to the light zone(LZ).
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