川东南隔挡式构造区隧道空间展布影响下岩溶涌突水特征简析

摘要

Currently the study of tunnel water bursting in ejective fold structure area is confined to a specific tunnel engineering and corresponding karst water system.It is lack of systematic study of water gushing problem under tunnel spatial distribution.In this paper,the characteristics of karst water runoff under tun-nel spatial distribution is summarized and divided into seven categories according to the difference in horizon-tal and vertical zoning of karst water.The spatial characteristics of karst water bearing media,differences in karst development and the features of karst water flow in the region have been analyzed.Accordingly,the types and features of karst water gushing were comparatively discussed.This paper also presents typical ex-amples (Tongluoshan and Mingyueshan tunnels of proposed Chongqing-Wanzhou Passenger Line),which analyses the characteristic of the tunnel karst water and associated result show that Tongluoshan tunnel is i-dentified as type one and Mingyueshan tunnel as type four.Combining with the differences in karst develop-ment,encountering water inrush is analysed by qualitative evaluation and calculation.Therefore,Tongluos-han tunnel will have a small amount of water gushing occurring only during rainy season,which will be con-trolled by rainfall intensity,whereas Mingyueshan tunnel will have a larger amount of gushing water.%隔挡式构造区隧道工程涌水特征研究多局限于某个具体隧道工程及对应的特定岩溶水系统，缺乏关于隧道空间展布影响下涌突水问题的系统研究。文章提出以隧道穿越区岩溶发育及岩溶水水平与垂直分带差异作为隧道空间布置类型划分的主要标准，将隧道空间展布区的岩溶水文地质特征分为七类，对不同类型中岩溶含水介质空间结构特征、岩溶发育差异以及岩溶水在此区域流动的特点进行分析，并对八种类型的隧道涌突水的特征进行比较。据此，结合研究区拟建渝万客专铜锣山隧道和明月山隧道案例，分析此两隧道展布区域的岩溶水文地质特征，分别属于补给-垂直入渗型类型及补给径流-水平径流型类型。进一步对此两隧道可能遭遇的岩溶涌突水进行定性评价和涌水量计算，认为铜锣山隧道主要出现雨季涌水现象，水量大小受降雨强度控制，而明月山隧道涌水量较大。