基于棋型的藏族'久'棋计算机博弈研究

摘要

"久"棋是藏族人民的传统棋类游戏,游戏过程分为布局阶段和战斗阶段,布局的质量对弈棋结果影响很大.与围棋博弈智能软件战胜人类高手的情况比较,"久"棋博弈研究几乎空白.为了拓宽机器博弈研究的游戏范围,开发具有较高棋力的"久"棋软件,作者开展了基于棋型的"久"棋计算机博弈研究.通过实地考察,在四川阿坝地区采集了约300局有效的"久"棋对弈数据,提取了常见棋型,分别为棋型命名为三角、三子、二子、对角、四子等.在布局阶段,采用模式匹配算法提高棋型的匹配速度.在布局和战斗阶段,基于棋型,设计了具有优先级别的防守、攻击、连子策略.采用C语言开发了"久"棋博弈软件,该软件具有人人对弈、人机对弈、自动录制棋谱等功能.该软件在2016年四川省阿坝县第七届"体彩杯"藏棋比赛中成功开展了人机对弈,但是棋力有待提高.结果表明,基于棋型的攻防策略能够有效地应用于"久"棋计算机博弈.%JIU is a traditional Tibetan board game that is divided into two sequential stages—embattle(or prepare for battle)and battle.The embattle stage has a critical effect on the subsequent battle.Compared with AlphaGo and Al-phaGo Zero computer programs,which have defeated top human players,research on the game of JIU is almost nonex-istent.To broaden the scope of computer game research and work toward the development of a sophisticated JIU chess game,we conducted a computer game study of the formations used in chess.Specifically,we collected about 300 JIU play records in an on-the-spot investigation in the Aba Autonomous Prefecture of Sichuan Province.In our analysis of these play records,we identified several common chess formations,which we refer to as the triangle,trinity,twain,con-trast,and square formations.To increase the speed of the character string matching process,we used a pattern matching algorithm in the embattle stage.We also designed defensive,attack,and collaboration strategies for the embattle and battle stages based on these chess formations.The defensive,attack,and collaboration strategies have decreasing prior-ity.Then,we developed JIU chess software using C language,with functions including the man–man VS mode,human–computer VS AI mode,and automatic recording of the play process.This software performed consistently in the man–machine game play exhibition at the 2016 Seventh "Sports Lottery Cup" Tibetan Chess Contest held in the Aba Autonomous Prefecture of Sichuan Province.However,the chess level realized by the software must be improved.The results show that attack and defense strategies based on chess formations can be effectively applied to JIU chess com-puter games.