缓解城市热岛效应的策略及其研究进展

摘要

With the acceleration of urbanization,the urban heat island (UHI) effect has become a worldwide problem.This paper summarizes the research progress on the urban greening,use of "cool materials",land use planning,urban ventilation corridor construction and air conditioning system optimization to mitigate UHI.The results show that green plants can reduce environmental temperature by transpiration and shading effect and thus mitigate UHI;Using " cool materials" is a promising way to mitigate UHI by reducing the heat absorption and increasing the heat loss of the building surface;The landscape composition and configuration have been proved to affect urban climate;Urban ventilation corridor can improve the urban aerodynamics,which can help mitigate the heat island effect and the application of new air conditioning system and condensing heat recovery system can reduce the heat discharged into the atmosphere,which is an effective strategy to mitigate UHI.%随着城市化进程的加快,热岛效应已成为世界性问题.本文从城市绿化、“冷材料”使用、土地利用规划、通风廊道建设和空调系统优化五个角度综述了缓解城市热岛效应的策略及其研究进展.总结分析表明,绿色植物通过蒸腾作用和遮阳作用降低环境温度,从而缓解热岛效应;具有高反射率和高发射率的“冷材料”通过减少吸热量和增加散热量降低表面温度,进而降低环境温度和建筑能耗,是一种有前景的缓解热岛效应的途径;城市土地利用的类型和布局会影响城市气候;城市通风廊道可以改善城市空气动力学,利于缓解热岛效应;采用新型空调系统以及冷凝热回收技术可以减少建筑向大气中的排热,是缓解热岛效应的有效手段.