There have been a number of recent developments in the treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer which seek to exploit the hormonal axis.Still,the castration-resistant prostate cancer remains a major challenge since this is the lethal and incurable phenotype which results in tens of thousands of deaths every year.There has been emerging interest in utilizing anticancer immunotherapy in prostate cancer,especially since the development of sipnleucel-T.Several other prostate cancer therapeutic vaccines including autologous and allogeneic vaccines,as well as viral vector-based vaccines,have demonstrated promising results in early trials.
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