紫色象草在我国南方地区的种植表现

摘要

[目的]研究紫色象草(Pennisetum purpureum Schumab cv. Purple)的产量、品质特性及适应性,为其新品种审定及饲草开发提供参考依据。[方法]以紫色象草为研究对象,20072009年在广西南宁、凌云和天等参加品种比较试验,2011~2013年在海南澹州、福建福州和广东湛江参加品种区域性试验,测定其株高、干草产量、茎叶比、营养成分等综合性状,并与热研4号王草(P. purpureum ×P. americanum cv. Reyan No.4)和桂闽引象草(P. purpureum Schum cv. Guiminyin)进行对比分析。[结果]紫色象草的平均株高706.54 cm,比热研4号王草、桂闽引象草分别低5.92%和8.44%；2007~2009年在广西南宁、凌云和天等3个试验点的平均十草产量为32.74±3.28 t/ha,2011-2013年在海南澹州、福建福州和广东湛江3个区域性试验点的平均十草产量为22.41±2.23 t/hm2,干草产量虽然比两个对照品种低,但差异均不显著(P >0.05)；紫色象草的茎叶比0.98：1。与热研4号王草和桂闽引象草相比,其干物质中的粗纤维分别降低4.76%和2.78%,中性洗涤纤维降低5.07%和2.22%,酸性洗涤纤维降低2.54%和1.99%；而粗脂肪分别提高64.29%和43.75%,钙含量提高28.00%和33.33%，磷含量提高9.68%和22.73%，氨基酸总量提高43.23%和68.41%，叶片花青素含量显著提高400.00%和216.90%(P<0.05)。[结论]紫色象草的适应性强，产草量高，营养丰富，适口性好，是饲养草食动物的优质牧草新品种，适合在我国南方地区综合开发利用。%Objective] The present experiment was conducted to investigate the yield, adaptability and quality characteristics of Pennisetum purpureum Schumach cv. Pur-ple to provide reference for the certification and development of new varieties. [Method] With P. purpureum Schumab cv. Purple as experimental material, the vari-ety comparison tests were conducted in Nanning, Lingyun, and Tiandeng in Guangxi from 2007 to 2009, and variety regional trials were conducted in Danzhou of Hainan, Fuzhou of Fujian and Zhanjiang of Guangdong from 2011 to 2013. Its comprehensive characters of plant height, hay yield, stem-leaf ratio and nutritional components were determined, and were compared with those of P. purpureum × P. americanum cv. Reyan No.4 and P. purpureum Schum cv. Guiminyin. [Result] The average height of P. purpureum Schumach cv. Purple was 706.54 cm, which was 5.92% and 8.44% lower than that of P. purpureum × P. americanum cv. Reyan No. 4 and P. purpureum Schum cv. Guiminyin, respectively. The average hay yield of P. purpureum Schumach cv. Purple was 32.74 t/ha in Nanning, Lingyun, and Tian-deng of Guangxi from 2007 to 2009, and 22.41 t/ha in Danzhou of Hainan, Fuzhou of Fujian and Zhanjiang of Guangdong from 2011 to 2013. Although its hay yield was lower than two control varieties, the difference was not significant (P >0.05). The stem-leaf ratio of P. purpureum Schumach cv. Purple was 0.98:1. Moreover, the analysis on the nutritional components of dry matter showed that compared with P. purpureum × P. americanum cv. Reyan No.4 and P. purpureum Schum cv. Guiminvin, the crude fiber of P. purpureum Schumab cv. Purple was decreased by 4.76% and 2.78%, respectively; the neutral detergent fiber decreased by 5.07% and 2.22%, respectively; the acid detergent fiber was decreased by 2.54% and 1.99%, respectively; the crude fat was increased by 64.29% and 43.75%, respectively; the calcium content was increased by 28.00% and 33.33%, respectively; the phosphorus content was increased by 9.68% and 22.73%, respectively; the total content of amino acid was increased by 43.23% and 68.41%, respectively; the anthocyanin content of leaf was increased by 400.00% and 216.90%, respectively (P<0.05). [Conclusion] P. purpureum Schumach cv. Purple is a new high-quality forage variety with wide adaptability, high yield, rich nutrient and good palatability, which is appropri-ate for comprehensive exploitation and application in the southern region of China.