利用咸阳12个(区)县自楚站到2009年气象观测资料,采用气候统计方法,分析了温度、降水、日照、相对湿度等气象因子的变化特征.结果显示:咸阳苹果产区对全球气候变化的响应明显.主要表现为温度升高;降水、日照减少;空气相对湿度降低.气侯变化对苹果生产的影响表现在:气候变暖使得果树物候期提前;暖冬导致病菌孢子和虫卵的越冬基数过高,有利干果树及病虫害的发生;降水减少造成干旱灾害发生频繁;高温热害影响果品商品率的提高;低温霜冻对果树的开花坐果、果品质量产生严重影响;冰雹对果实和枝叶造成机械损伤,导致大量落果;秋季连阴雨影响果实着色.结合20世纪80年代以来的苹果生态观测数据对苹果气候适宜性进行了评价,得出了气候变化对咸阳不同苹果产区的影响结论,提出了苹果生产应对气候变化的对策建议.%Based on the meteorological data from weather observation stations from establishing to 2009 in 12 counties of Xianyang, analysis was made of the characteristics of the change of meteorological factors from some aspects of temperature, precipitation, sunshine and relative humidity by the method of climate statistics. The results show that the climate .change has an obvious effect on apple production of Xianyang, and it is mainly represented by rising temperature,decreasing precipitation, sunshine time and relative humidity of the atmosphere. The climate warming exerts on advancing the time of the phenophases of apple trees; Green winter causes the overwintering base of spore germination and ova too high. It is very suitable for disease and pest growth; The drought is happening there with increasing frequency from decreasing precipitation; High temperature influences improvement of apple commodity rate; Low temperature and frost have seriously affected apple blooming, fruit setting and apple quality; Hail causes mechanical damages of flowering branch and a great quantity of apple drop; Rainy period in autumn influences coloring of fruit. Combined with the observation data of apple ecology since the 1980 s, evaluation is carry out of climate suitability to apple production, and countermeasure and suggestions are put forward for fighting against the climate change.
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