风沙半干旱区果粮立体复合模式下土壤水分与微生物量碳变化特征及产量效益评价

摘要

Seven compound cultivation modes in south of Horqin sandy land are chosen (Al: prunus armeniaca//peanut / com / peanut//prunus armeniaca; A2: prunus armeniaCa // grain / com / grain//pmnus armeniaca; A3:prunus armeniaca // bean / com / bean//pmnus armeniaca; BI: pmnus anneniaca // com // prunus armeniac; B2:prunus armeniaca // peanut // prunus armeniac; B3: pmnns armeniaca // grain // prunus armeniac; b4: prunus armeniaca // bean // prunus armeniac) to study the variation of soil moiture and soil microbial biomass carbon in the seven modes and to evaluate the economic benefit in each mode. The results showed that the average water cotent of com field throughout the growing season (0 ～ 40 cm) in fruit and grain compound cultivation was mode Al ＞ mode A2 ＞ mode A3 ＞ mode B1, while the effect on dwarf plants (0 ～ 20 cra) on intercropping mode is insignificant. Soil microbial biomass carbon was mode A3 ＞ mode A1 ＞ mode BI ＞ mode A2 on corn field; Soil microbial biomass carbon of intercropping code is larger than that of the inteval-cropping for peanuts and beans on dwarf plant field, so is the intercropping code of corn and bean. Yield per unit area of corns in different compound cultivation modes: mode Al ＞ mode A3 ＞mode A2＞ mode BI, production in intercropping coins and dwarf plants (peanut, grain and bean) decreased by less than 5％, and the difference is insignificant. In terms of the economic benefits, both A1 and B2 exceed others. The conclusion is that Al and B2 prove to be more productive modes on semiarid sandy and windy areas.%选择科尔沁沙地南缘7种果粮立体复合模式(模式A1:大扁杏//花生/玉米/花生//大扁杏;模式A2:大扁杏//谷子/玉米/谷子//大扁杏;模式A3:大扁杏//大豆/玉米/大豆//大扁杏;模式B1:大扁杏//玉米//大扁杏;模式B2:大扁杏//花生//大扁杏;模式B3:大扁杏//谷子//大扁杏;模式B4:大扁杏//大豆//大扁杏),分析比较7种果粮立体复合模式土壤水分含量与微生物量碳的变化,评价不同模式区的经济效益.结果表明:果粮立体复合模式区玉米地在整个生长季(0～60 cm)平均含水量为:模式A1>模式A2>模式A3>模式B1,模式A1、A2、A3对矮棵作物0～20 cm土壤含水量影响不显著.不同立体复合模式区玉米地(0～20 cm)土壤微生物量碳的含量顺序为,模式A3>模式A1>模式B1>模式A2;矮棵作物(0～20 cm)土壤微生物量碳的含量状况为:模式A1、A3中的花生与大豆高于模式B2、B4,说明玉米与豆科作物带状间作模式可增加其微生物量碳的含量.不同立体复合模式玉米单位面积产量顺序为:模式A1>模式A3>模式A2>模式B1.模式A1、A2、A3的矮棵作物(花生、谷子、大豆)产量比模式B2、B3、B4略有减产,减产幅度均小于5%,差异不显著.从不同果粮立体复合模式的经济效益分析,模式A1与模式B2经济效益较高.因此,模式A1与模式B2在风沙半干旱区表现较好.