施氮量品种与密度互作对豫西烟叶产量和质量的影响

摘要

In order to investigate the optimal combination of cultivation methods for growing tobacco in Western Henan,the effect of variety,nitrogen rate and planting density on chemical quality and economic characters of flue-cured tobacco was studied using orthogonal experimental design .The results showed that:Among the three factors,total sugar and reducing sugar were affected mostly by variety .With the increase of nitrogen rate,the total nitrogen increased;The influence order of experimental factors on the score of integrated evaluation of chemical components coordination of middle leaves was nitrogen rate>variety>planting density.The suitable cultivation technique was A1B2C3 (variety,Qinyan96;planting density,16 500 plants·hm-2;nitrogen rate,67 .5 kg·hm-2);The influence order of experimental factors on tobacco yield was variety>nitrogen rate>planting density and the cultivation technique for the highest yield was A3B3C3 (variety,Yuyan 6;planting density,18 000 plants·hm-2;nitrogen rate,90 .0 kg·hm-2).The cultivation technique for the highest tobacco output was A1B2C2 (variety,Qinyan96;planting density,16 500 plants·hm-2;nitrogen rate, 67 .5 kg·hm-2).The output value,average price and high grade leaf proportion were 62 770 .5 yuan·hm-2,19 .21 yuan·kg-1 and 58 .6%.It is suggested that the combination of Qinyan96,16 500 plants·hm-2 and 67 .5 kg N·hm-2 were suitable for tobacco growing in western Henan .%为探讨豫西烟区最优的栽培措施组合，采用正交试验研究了不同品种、氮用量和密度对烟叶化学品质和经济性状的影响。结果表明：3个因素相比，品种对总糖和还原糖影响最大；施氮量增加使烟叶总氮含量增加；3个因素对中部叶化学成分协调性综合评价得分的影响大小顺序为施氮量＞品种＞密度，获得化学成分最协调的栽培组合为A1B2C2（品种：秦烟96；移栽密度：16500株·hm-2；施氮量：67．5 kg·hm-2）；从产量上分析，3个因素对产量的影响大小顺序为品种＞施氮量＞密度，要获得产量最高的组合为A3B3C3（品种：豫烟6号；移栽密度：18000株·hm-2；施氮量：90．0 kg·hm-2）；从产值上分析，最好的组合为A1B2C2（品种：秦烟96；移栽密度：16500株·hm-2；施氮量：67．5 kg·hm-2），其产值、均价和上等烟比例分别为62770．5元·hm-2、19．21元·kg-1和58．6％。综合分析，在豫西烟区前期干旱后期降水分配较均匀且光照充足的条件下，可选择品种秦烟96，种植密度16500株·hm-2，氮肥施用量67．5 kg·hm-2的栽培技术进行推广应用。