滴水量对新大豆27号根系生长及产量的影响

摘要

To reveal influence of dripping water amount on the ultra -high-yielding soybean root growth ,a field research method was employed .Treatments with four dripping levels at 975 m3 · hm-2 (W1 ) ,1 575 m3 · hm-2 (W2 ) , 2 175 m3·hm-2 (W3 ) ,and 2 775 m3·hm-2 (W4 ) were set to examine the influences on moisture in 0~100 cm soil lay-er ,soybean root dry weight ,lateral root length and yield .The results showed that with the increase of water dripping amount ,soil moisture in 0~40 cm was increased .Soil root dry weight density and lateral root length density in 0~20 cm had been increased most ,followed by those in 20~40 cm soil layer .At late growth stage ,total root dry weight and total lateral root length in 0~80 cm soil were increased significantly .At the beginning of filling period ,compared to those with W1 treatment ,root dry weight with W2 ,W3 ,and W4 ,were increased by 14 .2% ,30 .4% ,and 41 .1% ,re-spectively .Additionally ,lateral root lengths became increased by 17 .4% ,25 .7% ,and 40 .3% ,respectively .Root ac-tivity in 0~40 cm soil was increased significantly ,as well as root bleeding sap ,resulting in improvement of water use ef-ficiency .Moreover ,with W3 and W4 treatments at the beginning of filling period ,soil root dry weights in 0~80 cm were 88 .6 g·m-2 and 95 .8 g·m-2 ,respectively ;lateral root lengths were 432 .4~482 .9 m·m-2 ;yields were 6 082 .6 kg·hm-2 and 6404 .7 kg·hm-2 ,respectively ;and water use efficiency was about 1 .30 .In conclusion ,suitable drip amounts for soybean in Xinjiang Yining were 2 175~2 775 m3·hm-2 .%为揭示滴水量对超高产大豆根系生长的影响规律，设置975 m3· hm－2（W1）、1575 m3· hm－2（W2）、2175 m3· hm－2（W3）、2775 m3· hm－2（W4）4种滴水处理，对各处理0～100 cm土层含水量、新大豆27号根系干重、侧根长和产量进行测定分析。结果表明：随着滴水量的增加，0～40 cm土层的含水量增加；0～20 cm土层根干重密度和侧根长密度增幅最大，20～40 cm土层增幅其次；增加生育中后期0～80 cm土层总根干重和总侧根长，鼓粒初期W2、W3、W4处理的根干重分别较W1增加14．2％、30．4％、41．1％，侧根长分别较W1增加17．4％、25．7％、40．3％；提高0～40 cm土层根系活力，增加根系伤流量，提高水分利用效率，W3、W4鼓粒初期0～80 cm土层根干重分别为88．6、95．8 g·m－2，侧根长为432．4～482．9 m·m－2，产量分别为6082．6 kg·hm－2、6404．7 kg·hm－2，水分利用效率为1．30左右。新疆伊宁地区大豆的适宜滴水量为2175～2775 m3· hm－2。