灌溉和施肥方式对红麻生长和产量的影响

摘要

Effects of irrigation and fertilization management on growth and yield using a field experiment were stud-ied to investigate the characteristics of water and fertilizer uses , to provide rational irrigation and fertilization for high yield and high efficient cultivation of kenaf .Fuhong 992 (conventional cultivar) and Houyou 2 (hybrid) were selected as the experimental materials .Two kinds of irrigation were as drip irrigation and furrow irrigation ,respectively .Three kinds of fertilization methods including T1 (60% N and K fertilizer as base fertilizer ,40% N and K fertilizer as top dressing ) , T2 (40% N and K fertilizer as base fertilizer ,60% N and K fertilizer as top dressing ) ,and T3 (20% N and K fertilizer as base fertilizer ,80% N and K fertilizer as top dressing ) .The results showed that with furrow irrigation ,yield of Fuhong 992 was better than Hongyou 2 ,and 60% NK fertilization as top dressing could get the highest yield .In addition ,com-pared with furrow irrigation ,drip irrigation could improve the agronomic traits such as plant height ,and improve dry bark weight of Hongyou 2 .However ,the effect of irrigation method on yield of Fuhong 992 was not significant .Therefore ,the best strategy of irrigation and fertilization methods would be using drip fertilization with 60% NK fertilizer as top dress-ing .With this approach ,dry bark weight and shoot dry weight of Hongyou 2 could reach the highest .%本研究旨在通过大田小区试验，研究灌溉和施肥方式对红麻生长和产量的影响，为确定红麻合理的灌溉和施肥方式提供依据。试验选择福红992（常规栽培种）和红优2号（杂交种）2种红麻品种，沟灌和滴灌2种灌溉方式，3种施肥方式：① T1，60％ N和K肥作基肥，余下40％ N和K肥用作追肥；② T2，40％ N和K肥作基肥，余下60％ N和K肥用作追肥；③ T3，20％ N和K肥作基肥，其余作为追肥。结果表明：①沟灌时，福红992的产量明显高于红优2号，且60％ NK肥作追肥时产量最高。②与沟灌相比，滴灌明显改善了株高等农艺性状，显著提高了红优2号的生麻产量；但灌溉方式对福红992的产量影响不显著。结论为在滴灌施肥状态下，60％ NK肥作追肥时，红麻杂交种“红优2号”的生麻产量和地上部干质量均最高。