阶梯深潭系统消能研究综述

摘要

The study on the energy dissipation of step-pool system formed in mountain streams has been lagged behind. The existing research achievements about step-pool system and stepped spillway were summarized in this paper. The energy dissipation mechanism and the influential factors of energy dissipation rate of step-pool system were analyzed through the energy conservation equation. It was found that there are some similarities and comparability between the energy dissipation way of stepped spillway and that of step-pool system. There are also significant differences in the energy dissipation ways and energy dissipation rate of step-pool system under different flow conditions. The influential factors to energy dissipation rate of step-pool system are slope, roughness, particle size, step height, and upstream flow, in which the step height, slope, roughness, particle size are proportional to the energy dissipation ratio, and the upstream flow is inversely proportional to the energy dissipation. Further research on energy dissipation of step-pool system may require more field investigation data to study the geometric features of step-pool system, in order to measure the flow field of step-pool system and obtain the energy transfer and dissipation law of water flow.%针对山区河流中自然形成的阶梯深潭系统消能研究相对滞后的现状，归纳总结阶梯深潭系统及台阶式溢洪道已有消能研究成果，从总流能量守恒方程出发，分析阶梯深潭系统消能机理及消能率影响因素。认为台阶式溢洪道与阶梯深潭系统的消能方式具有相似性和可比性。研究表明，在不同流量情况下，阶梯深潭系统消能方式有显著区别，消能率存在较大差异；阶梯深潭系统消能率的影响因素有坡降、糙率、粒径、阶梯高度和上游来流量，其中阶梯高度、坡降、糙率和粒径与消能率成正比，上游来流量与消能率成反比。认为阶梯深潭系统消能的进一步研究需要结合大量野外调查数据，研究阶梯深潭系统的几何特征，测量阶梯深潭系统流场，进而得到水流能量的传递和耗散规律。