为准确保持大田水位与蒸渗仪水位的实时相平，并测定地下水补给量和深层渗漏量，提出了一种蒸渗仪水位自动平衡系统的设计方法。该系统基于连通器原理，并利用水、汞的导电性差异而设计，由3部分组成：淤水位监测装置，包括蒸渗仪和大田的地下水位观测井及连接管；于水位感应和控制装置，由内盛液态汞的U形管以及控制电路组成，能比较大田和蒸渗仪的水位差，并通过电磁继电器打开/关闭供排水电磁阀；盂供(排)水与量测装置，由供水装置、排水装置及其电磁阀和量测装置组成。该系统结构简单，造价低廉，易于维护和管理；初步测试表明，该系统具有较好的控制精度，适于地下水位变化较大的地区使用。%In order to synchronize the water table of a lysimeter with that of farmland, and measure the amount of recharge of groundwater and deep percolation, a design method for an automatic balancing system of the water table of a lysimeter is put forward. Based on the principle of a communicating vessel, and designed according to the electrical conductivity differences between water and mercury, the system consists of three parts:(1) water level detecting equipment, consisting of two observation wells and connecting pipes, (2) a water level sensor and controlling equipment, composed of a U-shape glass filled with mercury and control circuits, which can compare the difference of groundwater level between farmland and a lysimeter, and can switch on/off solenoid valves for water supply and drainage through electromagnetic relays; and (3) various equipment, including water supply and drainage equipment, solenoid valves, and measurement devices. The system is simple in construction, cheap, and easy to maintain and manage. The initial testing results indicate that the system has good accuracy, and is appropriate for application in areas where the water table varies rapidly.
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