南极芽孢杆菌Bacillus sp.107生长特性及抑制植物病原真菌的研究

摘要

Strains of Bacillus sp. 107 are isolated from the deposited mud in the Antarctic waters. The common plant pathogenic fungi are used as indicators for determining the antifungal spectrum of the supernatant from the fermentation of Bacillus sp. 107 strains, to study the effects of temperature, NaC1 concentration, and initial pH value on Bacillus sp. 107 growth and its inhibitory activity, and to detect the effects of the fermentation broth on treatment and prevention from cucumber powdery mildew. It is learnt from the study results that the supernanant broth from the fermentation is effective to inhibit the plant pathogenic fungi such as Fusarium oxxysporum , Alternaria solani , Rhizoctonia solani , Verticillium dahliae and Phytophthora capsici. The better culture conditions for the antifungal substances are the temperatures about 15～30 ℃, the NaC1 mass concentrations about 0～4.5％, and the initial pH values about 5.0 ～9.0. The antifungal activity reaches its best when temperature becomes 25 ℃ the NaC1 mass concontration 3.0％, and the initial value 7.0. The 5-fold diluted fermentation broth of Bacillus sp. 107 has its effectiveness as high as 62.05％ against cucumber powdery mildew. Therefore this species of strain has its potential applicability in the biological treatment and prevention from plant pathegenes.%从南极海泥中筛选获得对植物病原真菌有抑制作用的芽孢杆菌Bacillus sp.107,以常见植物病原真菌为主要指示菌,测定菌株发酵上清液的抑菌谱;研究温度、NaCl质量分数和初始pH值对其生长和抑菌活性的影响,并测定菌株发酵液对黄瓜白粉病的防治作用.结果表明,芽孢杆菌Bacillus sp.107发酵上清液对常见植物病原真菌尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysPorum)、茄交链孢菌(Alternaria solani)、立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctonia solani)、大丽轮枝菌(Verticillium dahliae)和辣椒疫霉菌(Phytophthora capsici)均有抑制作用.产抑菌物质的适宜培养条件:温度为15～30℃,NaCl质量分数为0%～4.5%和初始pH值为5.0～9.0;些NaCl质量分数为3.0%,温度为25℃,初始pH值为7.O时抑菌活性最高.芽孢杆菌Bacillus sp.107发酵液的5倍稀释液对黄瓜白粉病的防效达62.05%.该菌株在植物病害的生物防治中,具有潜在的应用价值.