Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences and Institute of Atmospheric Sciences;
Fudan University;
Shanghai 200438;
China;
State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology;
Beijing Normal University;
Beijing 100875;
China;
Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System(FDOMES)/Key Laboratory of Physical Oceanography/Institute for Advanced Ocean Studies;
Ocean University of China;
Qingdao 266100;
China;
Laboratory for Ocean Dynamics and Climate;
Pilot Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(QNLM);
Qingdao 266237;
China;
Initial condition; model errors; error magnitude; error location; LBPL;