National Climate Center;
China Meteorological Administration;
Beijing 100081;
China;
Climate Change Research Center;
Institute of Atmospheric Sciences;
Chinese Academy of Sciences;
Beijing 100029;
China;
The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics;
PO Box 586;
Trieste 34100;
Italy;
CMA-NJU Joint Laboratory for Climate Prediction Studies ( LCPS/CMA-NJU);
Nanjing 210023;
China;
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences;
Beijing 100049;
China;