手性氨基酸分子的温度诱导相变--自发对称性破缺与复原

摘要

运用统计理论热力学函数自由能△G、焓△H、熵△S、平衡常数K与粒子平动、振动、转动配分函数关系,并通过变温D-与L-CDBrClF实例计算,证明在宏观温度变量下,可以导致手性分子D( )L平衡中宇称破缺熵差的反号.根据作者科研组14年来,采用变温X衍射、中子衍射、比热、直流和交流磁化率、1H和13C固相核磁共振、拉曼光谱、晶体旋光和双折射、超声测定相变等实验方法,证明Salam假说预言的温度范围(200～250 K)存在温度变量诱导的相变,产生自发对称性破缺.在宇称破缺能差(PVED)接近0条件下,宇称破缺熵差导致D和L分子反向的物理行为,产生分叉机制(bifurcation mechanism).D和L分子的能量差别,可能是早期生命起源时,L氨基酸富集的原因.实验还发现,在低温变温下自发对称破缺的复原.由于晶相结构限制分子重排,Salam相变不是D→L的构型相变.%The effects of temperature on the parity-violating entropy and energy differences of chiral molecules are investigated both theoretically and experimentally. Statistical thermodynamics calculations indicate the possible occurrence of sign reversal of parity-violating entropy difference at different temperatures, which is supported by temperature-dependent polarized Raman spectra of D-alanine and L-alanine. An incoherent spontaneous symmetry breaking is proposed to describe the bifurcation mechanism between mirror-image systems at the critical temperature, in which usually violated parity symmetry will be dynamically restored again. An asymmetric double-well potential with a tiny parity-violating energy difference(PVED) in the depths of the two potential wells showed that the presence of PVED can lead to the enrichment of L-form amino acid. Tunneling dynamics of amino acids with PVED provides a plausible mechanism for much faster development of homochirality.