通过水洞实验对有水流速度影响的水下超声速气体射流进行实验研究,通过高速摄像系统记录射流形态演变过程,采用动态测力系统测量射流演变过程中射流周围环境压力的脉动特征.对剪切层涡旋结构进行分析,得到水流冲击射流的剪切涡流动形态演化和压力脉动特征.实验结果表明,射流主体形态的非定常运动依赖于水流速度,无水流速度时,射流主体受到重浮力影响向上弯曲较大,并且可以捕捉到射流的振荡诱导喷管口平面处主频为200 Hz的压力脉动,当存在水流速度时,射流主体向下游发展过程中的偏斜程度较小,射流与水流相互作用形成剪切涡,在水流作用下射流主体向下游发展过程中卷入射流剪切层,与射流主体掺混形成较大尺度的涡结构,喷管口平面处主频消失.%The objective of this study is to investigate the flow structure of underwater supersonic gas jets in water flow. Supersonic gas jets submerged in a liquid flow field is experimentally studied in a water tunnel. In the experiments, a high speed camera system is used to observe the evolution of the gas jet bubble, and a dynamic pressure measurement system is used to measure the pressure fluctuation under different flow velocities simultaneously. We seek to study the mechanism of the vortex structure and the pressure fluctuation phenomenon during the gas jet evolution. The obtained results conclude that the main body formation and the pressure fluctuation of the gas jets depend heavily on the ambient flow speed. The instantaneous patterns of gas jets remarkably go upward due to the gravity effect in the still water. A shear vortex will be formed by jet-flow interaction when the ambient fluid flows. Larger vortexes are formed when the main body of the jet evolves downstream and mixes with the jet shear layer. The evolution pattern and pressure fluctuation characteristics of the gas-liquid interface are educed through a detailed analysis of the shear layer vortex structure. Backward reflection of pressure fluctuation is formed accompanying the jet bulging, necking, and back-attack. Consequently, the pressure fluctuation is transferred to the fluid at the nozzle surface and the test section. The pressure measurement system is used to confirm the pressure fluctuation phenomenon. Two measuring positions are set, i.e., pressure transducers are embedded at the nozzle surface and the test section. The pressure fluctuation with magnitude of 10 kPa is measured by the nozzle surface transducer in still water. The pressure fluctuation induced by the gas jets near the nozzle exit disappears simultaneously when the ambient fluid flows. However, the amplitude of pressure fluctuation decreases at the nozzle surface but increases at the test section with the increasing flow velocity. Power spectrum analysis is carried out and shows that the mechanical energy of the water tunnel gas jets is mainly distributed in the frequency band of 0–700 Hz. A jet induced large pressure fluctuation with a dominant frequency about 200 Hz can be captured near the nozzle surface in still water. With increasing water velocity, the dominant frequency of the unsteady pressure fluctuation decreases significantly at the nozzle surface. Conversely, the flow velocity leads to an increase in the spectral intensity of the pressure at the test section.
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