S—Ka频段电磁波在等离子体中传输特性的实验研究

摘要

在感应耦合等离子体风洞上开展了等离子体中电磁波传输特性实验研究,获得了不同频率电磁波在等离子体中的传输衰减.通过微波诊断技术,获得了等离子体射流的电子数密度和碰撞频率.通过矢量网络分析仪和标准增益天线组成的电磁波传输特性测试系统,获得了电磁波经过等离子体之后的衰减,研究了电子数密度范围7.0×1010—1.0×1013cm?3、等离子体碰撞频率在109Hz量级的等离子体对2.6—40 GHz不同频率电磁波传输特性的影响,分析了经典传输理论和薄层理论预测结果与实验结果的差异.该实验工作为等离子体中电磁波传输特性的理论研究和数值仿真提供了基础数据.%When hypersonic vehicle flies in the atmosphere at a high altitude with a high speed, plasma sheath is generated around the vehicle, and thus attenuating the electromagnetic wave signals and even interrupting the communication. Therefore the control,guidance,and navigation of hypersonic vehicle can be affected seriously by the plasma sheath. It is necessary to study this problem in reasonable ground experiment. The inductively coupled plasma(ICP)wind tunnel is an ideal equipment for studying electromagnetic transmission characteristics in plasma because it can produce uncontaminated plasma and the electrode cannot be ablated in the process of plasma production. We carry out the experiment in ICP wind tunnel. A thin slice of plasma jet is generated by a rectangular nozzle with an outlet size of 50 mm×250 mm. Plasma jets with different parameters are obtained by adjusting the operating power and inlet flow of the wind tunnel. Four kinds of states are provided with the electron densities of 7.0×1010, 5.0×1011, 3.5×1012and 1.0×1013/cm3, and the collision frequencies of 1.5×109, 1.6×109, 2.0×109and 9.0×109Hz,respectively. The amplitude attenuations and phase changes of the electromagnetic waves are measured with microwave diagnos-tics system consisting of a vector network analyzer and high gain antennas. And electron density and collision frequency of plasma are obtained according to the transmission characteristics of electromagnetic waves in plasma. The attenuations of the electromagnetic wave in plasmas of different states are measured via microwave transmis-sion system which is composed of a vector network analyzer and pairs of horn antennas covering a frequency range of 2.6–40 GHz. The results show that both the amplitude attenuation and attenuation band increase with the increase of electron density. The classical theory and thin layer theory are used to simulate the transmission attenuation. The results are compared with the experimental ones. The results in this paper provide basic data for further theoretical and numerical study of electromagnetic wave transmission characteristics in plasma.