畜禽粪便管理系统中甲烷的产排特征及减排对策

摘要

Methane, produced from decomposition of livestock manure under anaerobic conditions, contributes significantly to anthropogenic CH4 emission to the atmosphere. The expansion of the scale of livestock breeding will lead to a continuing increase in CH4 emission. To achieve utilization of manure as resource and mitigation of CH4 emission, it is urgent to introduce the concept of "animal manure management system" , and investigate characteristics of the production and emission of CH4 in the system and its mitigation strategies. Therefore, the current review began with an introduction to structure of the manure management system, elaborated CH4 production in the system and factors affecting CH4 emissions. It also discussed emission-calculating methods, and summarized advancements in the study on CH4 emissions from manure management system at home and abroad. At the end, optimized manure management models compatible to the current scale of livestock breeding in China and strategies based on improvement of management technology for mitigation of CH4 emissions were suggested.%畜禽粪便厌氧发酵过程中产生的甲烷( CH4)是大气CH4的重要人为源,其排放量会随着畜禽养殖规模的不断扩大而持续增加.为了更好地实现畜禽粪便的资源化利用,同时减少粪源CH4排放,迫切需要立足于畜禽粪便管理系统,研究不同粪便管理模式下的CH4产排特征,在此基础上有效地实现减排.鉴于此,本文介绍了粪便管理系统的组成；阐明了粪便管理系统中CH4的产生和影响排放的因素,常见管理系统中CH4排放量的计算方法；阐述了国内外关于畜禽粪便管理系统CH4排放的研究进展；并基于我国畜禽粪便管理现状提出了针对养殖规模优化粪便管理模式,针对管理模式提升管理技术的甲烷减排对策.