National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center;
Beijing 100081;
China;
National Meteorological Center;
Beijing 100081;
China;
Institute of Atmospheric Physics;
Chinese Academy of Sciences;
Beijing 100029;
China;
Mailbox 5111;
Beijing 100094;
China;
ensemble-based; nudging; method; ECHAM5/MPI-OM; SST; assimilation; simulation; of; subsurface; temperature; field;