目的 模拟自然感染方式建立结核病小鼠模型,并对其病理变化进行综合评价.方法 通过气雾攻击方式将结核分枝杆菌H37Rv接种至C57BL/6J小鼠体内.在感染后的4周、6周、8周对小鼠进行micro-CT活体动态扫描,无菌分离肺脏和脾脏,肉眼观察病变情况,活菌菌落计数,组织病理检测(HE和抗酸染色).结果 肉眼观察和micro-CT扫描发现,不同时间小鼠肺部感染情况逐渐加重,至感染后第8周时病变弥漫至整个肺部；HE染色肺组织出现弥漫性肉芽肿样实变；抗酸染色可见结核分枝杆菌.结论 通过大体病变、病理、影像、菌落计数几个方面对建立的小鼠模型进行综合分析,证明利用气雾攻击法感染的结核病小鼠模型建立成功；该模型在形成病变时与结核患者的情况存在一定差异,对其完善的综合评价有助于在相关研究中对该小鼠模型的合理应用.%Objective To establish a mouse model of tuberculosis by simulating natural infection and make a comprehensive evaluation to the pathological changes of this model. Methods C57BL/6J mice were infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv by aerosol inhalation. At 4th, 6th and 8th week after infection, the infected mice were scanned by micro-CT and the lungs and spleens were taken for pathological examination (HE and acid-fast staining) and colony counting. Results The deterioration of lung infection in mice were indicated by visual observation and micro-CT scanning results, and diffuse infection throughout the whole lungs at 8th week. The presence of granulomatous consolidation and Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the lungs were revealed by HE and acid-fast staining. Conclusions The mouse model of tuberculosis has been successfully established according to the comprehensive analysis by gross inspection, histopathology, imaging and colony counting. Although this mouse model could not completely represent the same situation of tuberculosis in humans, it may find reasonable application and promote researches relevant to tuberculosis.
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