三维激光扫描直接对地球表面进行三维密集采样,可快速获取具有三维坐标(X,Y,Z)和一定属性(反射强度等)的海量、不规则空间分布三维点云,成为数字化时代下刻画复杂现实世界最为直接和重要的三维地理空间数据获取手段,在全球变化、智慧城市、全球制图等国家重大需求和地球系统科学研究中起到十分重要的作用.目前,在传感器技术和国家需求的双重驱动下,三维激光扫描在硬件装备、三维点云数据处理以及应用3个方面取得了巨大的进步,同时也面临新的挑战.本文以三维激光扫描的发展历史为线索,总结了三维激光扫描系统的现状、三维点云数据处理的关键进展以及在测绘地理信息等领域的典型应用,并分析了三维点云数据处理面临的挑战,最后展望了三维激光扫描与点云处理的发展趋势.%3D LiDAR can perform an intensive sampling of the earth surface in a direct way,and yield the 3D point cloud that contains numerous and scattered points with the coordinates (X,Y,Z) and attributes (e.g.,intensity).As the vital 3D geospatial data for description of the world in the digital era,3D point cloud plays an important role not only in earth science researches but also in national requirements (e.g.,global change analysis,global mapping,and smart city).Inspired by sensor technologies and national requirements,3D LiDAR has got great progresses in hardware,data processing and applications,and is facing new challenges.Following the history of 3D LiDAR,this paper first reviews the status of 3D LiDAR system,and introduces the development of key technologies in data processing.Then the typical applications of 3D LiDAR in surveying and other related fields are listed,and current challenges in point cloud processing are concluded.Finally,some future perspectives are presented.
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