专业化茶叶种植影响下的农业生态系统服务功能价值评价——以福建省安溪县为例

摘要

The drinking of tea has gradually become the world trend and fashion,the constantly expanded demand of tea stimulate its production,and the economic development of tea has drawn the world's attention,but the influence of large-scaled and specialized tea plangting on agriculture ecosystem didn't get the corresponding focus.In order to study the ecological effect of specialized tea planting on agricultural ecosystem with the expanded planting size,we chose Anxi that a county with specialized tea planting as a case.Evaluation based on three aspects which contain different specialized tea planting level,agricultural planting structures and geomorphic types through the method of emergy and the building of agricultural ecosystem services function value evaluation index system.The evaluation index system including positive and negative services of the provisioning,regulating and supporting function.The results show that (1) all the three services function have higher value on positive service,and the agriculture ecosystem that mainly based on specialized tea planting of Anxi give priority to providing positive service;(2) specialized tea planting has high economic benefit and well gas and climate regulation ability,which has a positive effect on the agricultural ecosystem's provisioning and regulating services function;but (3)soil erosion cased by specialized tea planting is a little serious,which has a negative influence on agricultural ecosystem supporting function;(4) the "tea-vegetation" and "tea-fruit" multiple ecological planting structure is conducive to improving agricultural ecosystem services function,and achieve the harmonious development of the tea economy and agricultural ecosystem.%饮茶已逐渐成为世界潮流与时尚,不断扩大的茶叶需求正不断刺激茶叶的增产,茶叶经济发展受到世界瞩目,但关于规模化、专业化茶叶种植对农业生态系统的影响却未得到相应的关注.为研究规模不断扩大的专业化茶叶种植对农业生态系统的影响,以专业化茶叶种植大县安溪县为研究对象,通过构建由供给、调节和支持正、负服务组成的农业生态系统服务功能价值评价指标体系,结合能值法,从不同专业化茶叶种植水平、不同农业种植结构、不同地貌类型三个方面进行评估分析.研究结果表明:(1)安溪县以专业化茶叶种植为主的农业生态系统中供给、调节和支持三大服务功能的正服务价值都大于负服务价值,系统以提供正服务为主;(2)专业化茶叶种植具有较高的经济效益和较好的气体、气候调节能力,对农业生态系统中的供给与调节功能具有正效应;(3)但专业化种植过程中造成的土壤流失情况也较为严重,对农业生态系统支持功能的负面影响较大;(4)“茶-蔬”、“茶-果”等复合生态茶树种植结构有利于提高农业生态系统服务功能,实现茶叶经济与农业生态系统的和谐发展.