解磷微生物修复土壤重金属污染研究进展

摘要

土壤重金属污染问题日益严重,具有普遍性、隐蔽性、表聚性、不可逆性等特点,已经成为环境污染治理中的热点、难点问题.解磷微生物能够依靠自身的代谢产物或通过与其他生物的协同作用,将土壤中的难溶性磷转化为可供植物吸收利用的磷,具有多重植物促生长功能和重金属解毒能力,可在重金属毒害水平下,促进植物生长、提高植物抗病能力、克服重金属对植物生长的不利影响,从而增强重金属修复植物的生存竞争力.从解磷微生物的研究现状入手,介绍了解磷微生物对土壤重金属污染的修复能力,综述了解磷微生物对土壤重金属污染修复的作用机制,分析了目前解磷微生物在重金属修复过程中存在的问题,并提出了今后研究的方向,为重金属污染土壤的修复提供了新思路.%Soil contamination by heavy metals is becoming one of the most severe environmental issues.Since heavy metals cannot be degraded and can persist indefinitely in soil environments,how to remediate heavy metals polluted soils has become a difficult and hot issue in environmental pollution control area.Phosphate solubilizing microorganisms(PSMs) can dissolve insoluble phosphorus and transform it into soluble fractions by utilizing their own metabolites or through the synergistic effects with other microbes and plants.PSMs also has multiple functions in plant growth-promotion and heavy metal detoxification.PSMs can improve the resistance ability of plants against various diseases and strengthen the survival competitiveness of phytoremediation plants under toxic levels of heavy metals.This paper provides an overview of PSMs research status,and summarizes the remediation effects and mechanisms of heavy metal contaminated soils by PSMs.The disadvantages of PSMs for remediating heavy metal contaminated soils are also analyzed and the future research orientation are pointed out accordingly.