特征颜色反应和紫外-可见光谱分析初步表明:梅花"粉皮宫粉"的粉红色花色色素为花青素-3-糖苷.用分光光度法检测梅花"粉皮宫粉"不同花发育时期、在树冠不同着生部位花朵花瓣的相对花青苷含量,结果表明:"粉皮宫粉" 的花色主要存在着花发育时期而导致的时间变化.花色在蕾期最浓艳,花瓣展开后便逐渐变淡;在整个花发育时期,同一朵花不同层次花瓣的颜色浓淡均为:外层花瓣>中层花瓣>内层花瓣,且不同层次花瓣颜色的变化趋势几乎一致.虽然树冠下部单花的花色浓于上部的、树冠内层的浓于外层的,但花朵在树冠的着生部位导致的花色差异并不显著.花青苷除了导致"粉皮宫粉"的粉红花色外,还可能增强其花的抗寒性,为花的凌寒而开创造了条件.本文可为梅花的美学鉴赏、梅花红色花色的机理探索及其色素的分子结构鉴定提供参考.%Specific color reactions and spectroscopic analyses indicate preliminarily that the pink flower color pigment of P. mume "Fenpi Gongfen" is cyanins, namely acylated cyanidin 3-glycoside. The relative contents of the cyanins of the flowers of different development stages and the flowers inserting different positions of canopy were mensurated with spectrophotometry. The results indicated that the flower color of P. mume "Fenpi Gongfen" exist chiefly temporal changes resulted from different flower development stages. The flower color is the strongest at bud period and fades gradually as soon as the petals outspread. At different flower development stages, the petal color of different layers of a flower are: outer layer > middle layer > inner layer, and the change trends of the chroma of the petals of different layers are almost similar. Although the higher the inserting site of the flower in canopy is, the thinner the flower color is, and the color of the flower of the outer layer of canopy was thinner than that of the inner layer, the difference of flower color induced by the inserting site of the flower in canopy is not remarkable. Besides contributing to the pink flower color radically, the cyanins may enhance the ability of the flowers of P. mume "Fenpi Gongfen" to resist chilliness and potentiate their blossoming in cold. The research results could provide a reference or a premise for the aesthetic appreciation of the flower color, the exploration on the flower color mechanism and the identification of the molecular structures of the flower color pigment of red Mei flowers (P. mume).
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