湖南德夯风景区峡谷特殊生境植物区系与生态适应性初探

摘要

对湖南德夯风景区峡谷特殊生境植物区系和生态适应性进行了初步研究,调查统计结果表明:(1)该区共有维管束植物1 162种,隶属于148科566属.其中蕨类植物90种(21科,44属,占总数的7.7%)、裸子植物1种(1科,1属)、被子植物1 071种(126科,521属,占总数92.2%),有草本704种(占60.6%)、木本458种(占39.4%).(2)峡谷特殊生境区系是德夯植物区系的主体,体现了该区植物区系的特征与性质.有峡谷生境专性种160种,分别归属71科121属,其中蕨类植物36种( 15科,23属)、被子植物124种(单子叶植物11种,双子叶植物113种),草本植物102种(占63.7%)、灌木26种(占16.3%)、乔木21种(占13.1%)、藤本11种(占6.9%).(3)群落中灌木层和草本层的优势物种大部分为峡谷生境专性种,乔木层优势植物中专性种较少.(4)德夯峡谷特殊生境专性种在生长型、器官形态、生活史、生态适应类群及适应性分区等方面形成了一系列与环境相适应的特征以及特定的适应分布结构,随着群落演替的进行,峡谷生境专性植物由少逐步增多,演替后期则逐步减少.%The floristic characteristic and adaptation of vascular plants in the special eco-environment of canyon in Dehang (Hu'nan Province,China) were analyzed and discussed in this paper.The results show that there are 148 families,566 genera,1 162 species vascular plants in this region.90 species belonging to 21 families and 44 genera are Pteridophyte plants (7.7% of the total species),only one species represents one genus in a family of Gemnosperm,and 1 071 species belonging to 126 families,521 genera are Angiosperm plants (92.2% of the total species) including 704 (60.6%) herbs and 458 (39.4%) woody.The flora of the special eco-environment in the valley region plays an important role and reflects the nature and characteristic to the flora of Dehang.There are 160 canyon eco-environment obligate species belonging to 71 families and 121 genera in the canyon,it contains 23 genera in 15 families with 36 species are Pteridophyte,124 species are angiosperm (in which there are 11 species of monocotyledon and 113 species of dicotyledonous),including 102 (63.7%) herbs,26 (16.3%) shrubs,21 (13.1%) trees and 11 (6.9%) lianas.Most of the species in the herb layer and the shrub layer are the obligate species,seldom in the tree layer in community in canyon area.The canyon eco-environment obligate species evolved series of ecological characters adapted the special environment on the growth type,organ morphology,life history,ecological adaptation groups and areas of ecological adaptation in Dehang.With the succession of plant community,the obligate plants increased,and then reduced in the later stage.