西周晚期初吉历谱集成

摘要

In this paper,we investigate 23 four-element-materials contained Chuji (characters usually on bronze vessels,perhaps represent the moon phase) in the late Western Zhou Dynasty.It is assumed that all 5 elder-year data (kings' year＞25 yr) should belong to the periods of king Li or king Xuan.At the same time,in order to guarantee the completeness,compatibility,and objectivity of these kinds of calendars,in the paper we build up them respectively according to the 24 characters of Chinese ancient calendar.We use the transformation platform for Chinese ancient dates to finish the calendars,consider the five different first years when both kings took their powers,set the moon age of Chuji cover any day in a lunar month,and as far as possible give every result for each material as in different kings' period.As a result,we totally derive 13 calendars according to different combinations of the characters of ancient calendars.When subdivided by the different combinations of the kings' periods,33 solutions are obtained,but the moon phases of Chuji are usually in the second half month.The best result,with Jian Mao and the leap month in the end of the year,is related with the BC878 (BC827) as the first year of king Li (king Xuan).The coincidence rate of 23 data is 100％,and average moon phases are 19.84 days.The suboptimum choices have four solutions;the coincidence rate is 95.7％,respectively with Jian Chen and the leap month in the middle of the year;together with Jian Wu and the leap month in the middle or end of the year.We point out that these results may constitute and link respectively with other materials (even with other moon phases) as long as have the same calendar features.After adopting more materials and higher qualification,the scope of the solutions can be further limited and narrow.In addition,the different researchers can easily obtain or intercept their needed results respectively from this paper.%考察了西周晚期金文(青铜器铭文)中23条含初吉(古代疑似月相的术语)的四要素俱全的材料.规定其中5条王年＞25 yr的高年祀材料必属厉、宣王世.同时,为保证所得历谱的完备性、兼容性和客观性,分别按12种建正和2种置闰构建历谱.排谱采用“中国历史时期的日期转换平台”,并考虑5种不同的厉王、宣王首年,设初吉后所系干支的月龄涵盖全月,并尽可能给出每个材料在不同王世的结果.由此,针对不同的建正、置闰组合可得13个历谱.若再按不同王世组合细分,则可得33组解,且初吉的月龄多在下半月.最佳解建卯(年终置闰),此时厉、宣王初年分别为BC878和BC827,材料符合率为100％,平均月龄19.84 d.次优4解,符合率为95.7％,分别为建辰(年中置闰)和建午(年中、年终置闰).指出本历谱可分别与其他材料(包括含其他月相)构成的具有相同历法特征的历谱链接.随着材料增多,限定条件加强,可进一步缩小解的范围.另外,研究者亦可方便地截取到符合各自观点的结果.