水稻光温敏雄性核不育系的系谱分析

摘要

近年来,我国两系杂交水稻快速发展,截止2010年底,共有427个两系组合通过审定.两系杂交水稻已经奠定了在我国水稻生产中的重要地位,而光温敏核不育系是两系杂交水稻的基础.本文从实用性角度研究了1994年以来通过审定和获得新品种保护权的两系组合所涉及的130个光温敏核不育系,分析了光温敏核不育系的基本来源和其中126个不育系的系谱.以原始光温敏核不育系为起点演绎了不育系之间的衍生关系,介绍了大面积应用及获得新品种保护权的73个不育系的系谱,归纳了新光温敏核不育系的育成途径.讨论了不育系育性转换的光温反应类型与其核不育基因来源的关系.提出利用光温敏核不育系开展分子生物学研究过程中,有必要通过系谱分析不育系之间的衍生关系,对不育系材料进行有针对性的选择.强调了促进光温敏核不育资源的开放与共享,对加快实用性光温敏核不育系的选育,积极应对两系杂交稻制种环境的变化具有重要意义.%A great progress has been made in two-line hybrid rice in China. Up to 2010, a total of 427 two-line hybrid combinations (cultivars) had been registered. In recent years, two-line hybrid rice has become an important type in rice production in China. Photoperiod-thermo sensitive genie male sterile (PTGMS) lines are the basis of two-line hybrid rice. In this paper, the relationship of 130 PTGMS lines used as parents of registered hybrid combinations and/or with the right of protection of new varieties was analyzed, and 126 of 130 PTGMS lines that the relationship defined were traced back to their original PTGMS lines as a starting point. The pedigree of the 73 PTGMS lines used for producing hybrid combinations with large scale planting and/or the right of protection of new varieties was analyzed in detail, and the breeding methods of the 126 PTGMS lines were analyzed. The relationship between the photoperiod-thermo response type and the pedigree of the PTGMS lines was discussed. We also proposed that selecting the proper PTGMS materials by pedigree analysis is as important as photoperiod and temperature controlling for studying the molecular mechanism of photoperiod-thermo response in PTGMS lines. Open sharing of the PTGMS resources has the great significance for accelerating the breeding of new practical PTGMS lines and minimizing the adverse environmental impact on seed production of two-line hybrid rice.