施硅量对甬优系列籼粳交超级稻产量及相关形态生理性状的影响

摘要

A field experiment was conducted using Yongyou 12 and Yongyou 15 with five treatments of 0, 75, 150, 225, and 300 kg ha–1 silicon application. Results indicated that grain yield of Yongyou 12 and Yongyou 15 increased firstly and then decreased with increase of the silicon application rate. The highest grain yield of both Yongyou 12 and Yongyou 15 achieved at the silicon rate of 225 kg ha–1. Analysis on yield components showed that number of panicles of Yongyou 12 and Yongyou 15 increased with the increase of silicon application rate, while 1000-grain weight and seed-setting rate were both decreased with the increased sili-con application rate. With the increase of silicon application rate, number of tillers and stems of Yongyou 12 and Yongyou 15 at jointing, heading, and maturity stages increased synchronously. Panicle rate of Yongyou 12 and Yongyou 15 increased firstly and then decreased with the increase of silicon application rate, and the peak value was at the silicon rate of 225 kg ha–1. With the increase of silicon application rate, dry matter weight and leaf area index at jointing, heading, and maturity stages as well as dry matter accumulation and leaf area duration from jointing to heading and from heading to maturity increased. With the increase of silicon application rate, leaf length and leaf width of the 1st leaf, 2nd leaf, and 3rd leaf of Yongyou 12 and Yongyou 15 increased synchronously, while leaf basal angle and dropping angle of the 1st leaf, 2nd leaf, and 3rd leaf of Yongyou 12 and Yongyou 15 decreased synchronously. Moreover, compared with check (0 kg ha–1), silicon application significantly increased dry matter per stem, per sheath, and per length of stem. At last, the technology on the effective application of silicon was discussed.%以籼粳交超级稻甬优12和甬优15为试材，比较研究了不同硅肥施用量(0、75、150、225、300 kg hm–2)对甬优籼粳交超级稻产量及其形态生理特征的影响。结果表明：(1)甬优12和甬优15产量均随硅肥施用量的增加呈先增加后降低的趋势，且均以硅肥用量225 kg hm–2处理的产量最高。产量构成因素穗数随硅肥施用量增加而递增，结实率和千粒重则随之递减。(2)甬优12和甬优15在拔节、抽穗和成熟期的茎蘖数均随硅肥施用量的增加而增加，茎蘖成穗率则呈先增加后降低的趋势，以225 kg hm–2处理最高。(3)与对照(0 kg hm–2)相比，施硅处理显著增加了拔节、抽穗和成熟期的干物重和叶面积指数，拔节至抽穗期、抽穗至成熟期的干物质积累量和光合势也随硅肥施用量增加而递增。(4)随硅肥施用量的增加，倒一、倒二、倒三叶的叶长和叶宽随之递增，倒一、倒二、倒三叶的叶基角和披垂度随之递减。此外，与对照(0 kg hm–2)相比，施硅处理显著提高了茎、鞘干重及单位节间干重。文章还讨论了甬优籼粳交超级稻硅肥高效施用技术。