分蘖肥不同施用时期对机插双季稻产量和群体发育的影响

摘要

Application of tillering fertilizer has a major impact on rice tillering and grain yield,but the best fertilization time is not clear for rice under transplanting by machine.In this study,the varieties of Zhongjiazao 17 ( early⁃rice) and Hyou 518 ( late⁃rice) were used as the experiment materials to study the effect of applica⁃tion time of tillering fertilizer on development and grain yield of mechanical transplanting rice seedlings. The treatments included application of tillering fertilizer at 7,10 and 13 days after the transplanting,namely D07, D10 and D13,respectively.The results showed that compared with that of the D07 plots,the grain yields of ear⁃ly⁃rice of the D10 plots and D13 plots decreased by 9.4% and 3.8% respectively,and the yields of late⁃rice of the D10 plots and D13 plots decreased by 4.5%and 12.6%respectively.Application of tillering fertilizer at dif⁃ferent times had a profound effect on the grain number per panicle and seed setting rate of early⁃rice ( P<0.05).The grain number per panicle of the D10 plots was significantly lower than that of the D07 plots.In addi⁃tion,the seed setting rate of the D13 plots was greatly lower than that of the D07 plots.The number of effective tillers of late⁃rice was dominated by the effects of application periods of tillering fertilizer (P<0.05).The num⁃ber of effective tillers of the D07 plots was obviously higher than that of the D13 plots.Compared with these of the D07 plots,the number of productive tillers,leaf area index,dry matter accumulation and nitrogen uptake per area were decreased in the D10 and D13 plots during the double rice growing periods. The results of this preliminary study suggests that tillering fertilizer should be immediately applied after regreening to improve rice population quality and develop the high yield potential of mechanical transplanting rice seedlings.%分蘖肥的施用对促进水稻分蘖和提高水稻产量具有重要影响，但在机插条件下分蘖肥的最佳施用时期还不够明确。本试验以早稻品种中嘉早17和晚稻品种H优518为材料，研究分蘖肥不同施用时期对机插双季稻产量和群体发育的影响。试验处理分别为移栽后第7天、第10天和第13天施用分蘖肥，即D07、D10和D13处理。结果表明：与D07处理相比，D10和D13处理早稻产量分别降低9．4％和3．8％，晚稻产量分别降低4．5％和12．6％，但各处理之间差异不显著。早稻分蘖肥不同施用时期对每穗粒数和结实率具有显著影响，其中D10处理每穗粒数显著低于D07处理，D13处理结实率显著低于D07处理（ P＜0．05）。晚稻分蘖肥不同施用时期对有效穗数的影响显著，其中D13处理有效穗数显著低于D07处理（ P＜0．05）。与D07处理相比，D13和D10处理各生育期分蘖数、叶面积指数、生物量积累和氮素吸收均有降低的趋势。因此，在机插秧苗返青后尽早施入分蘖肥有利于提高群体质量，从而发挥机插双季稻的高产潜力。