According to the data of rainfall, runoff, sediment and flood of the Weihe River since the middle 20th century, the paper analyzed the dynamic changes in the water situation of the Weihe River reach in Shaanxi province, and explored the main reasons of water situation changes, for the purpose of opening out the responses of water situation changes to environmental factors. The results indicated that the runoff and sediment transport mainly occurred and distributed in the flood season with high rainfall. On the whole, the runoff and sediment transport declined from 1950s to 1990s, and showed large inter -annual variations. In 1990s, the runoff declined most. In addition, the flood evolution showed a new trend. The water situation factors (runoff, sediment and flood frequency) and environment factors (temperature, rainfall) were closely related to each other.%根据20世纪中期以来渭河降水、径流、泥沙、洪水等方面的资料,对陕西省渭河的水情动态变化进行了统计分析,并对水情变化的主要原因进行了探讨,以揭示其对环境因素的响应关系.结果表明,渭河流域水沙输送主要集中于降水量较大的汛期,年内分布相对集中；年际变化较大,20世纪50～90年代期间径流量和输沙量总体均呈下降趋势,90年代径流量下降明显；洪水演变出现新的特点；流域径流量、输沙量、洪水等水情要素与气候变化之间存在密切的响应关系.
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