江苏金坛地区小麦田杂草种群生态位研究

摘要

So as to clarify the dominant weed species and interspecific ecological relationships in wheat fields in Jintan area, Jiangsu province, the author conducted a survey of weed species, density and height of wheat fields in this area in May, 2014, and transformed the data into weed relative abundance and important value.Based on the above, we calculated the niche breadth and niche overlap values of these weeds,and drew DCA sorting diagram reflecting the ecological similarity degrees among weed species by using DCA sorting method.The results showed that there were 28 weed species in wheat fields of Jintan area, which belonged to 25 genera, 16 families.Among these 28 weed species, Bekc man ia szy igachne, Alopecurus japonicus, Galium aparine var.teneur m and Vicia sativa had a bigger niche breadth, and they were the dominant weeds in the wheat fields in Jintan.There were larger niche overlap values among Saluia plebeia, Ranunculus jaop nicus, Lindernia crustacea and Lysimachia fortunei,among Trigonotis peduncu-laris, Mazus japonicus and Veronica japonicus, and among Beckmannia syzigachne, Alopecurus japonicus, Alopecurus aequalis and Galium aparine var.tenerum , which indicated they competed for resources intensely.%为明确江苏金坛地区小麦田杂草优势种及其种间生态关系，于2014年5月对该地区小麦田杂草种类、数量、高度等进行调查，将其转换成相对多度和重要值数据，并在此基础上计测了杂草的生态位宽度和生态位重叠值，用DCA 排序法作出反映杂草生态学相似程度的DCA排序图。结果表明：江苏金坛地区小麦田杂草有28种，分属16科25属。28种杂草中，菵草、日本看麦娘、猪殃殃和大巢菜等4种杂草实际生态位较宽，为江苏金坛地区小麦田优势杂草；雪见草、毛茛、母草、星宿菜之间的生态位重叠值和附地菜、通泉草、波斯婆婆纳之间的生态位重叠值较大，菵草、日本看麦娘、看麦娘、猪殃殃等杂草生态位重叠值也较大，说明它们对资源的竞争较为激烈。