论黑格尔历史观的双重维度：理性与自由的变奏

摘要

Hegel is an important representative in the development of modern history philosophy,and he clearly called his view of history as the history of philosophy.This paper makes a thorough elaboration on Hegel’s history philosophy from two dimen_sions:reason and freedom.Firstly,history conforms to reason ,and we can grasp the nature of history through our rational thinking;but reason is speculative in Hegel’s theory,and history is organic unity in the connections of various essential regula_tions.He provides us a way to understand history which is different from the intellectual way.Secondly Hegel inherited the tele_ology from Kant,and gives internal purpose to history,and that is freedom.In Hegel’s theory,history is the progress of self-re_alization of history rationality,but also that of realization of human freedom.Freedom is the internal purpose of history rationali_ty,while reason reveals the necessary progress of realization of freedom.Reason and freedom reveal internal unity in Hegel’s his_tory philosophy,so the two constitute the dual dimensions of understanding Hegel’s history philosophy.%黑格尔是近代历史哲学理论发展中的重要代表人物，他明确把自己的历史观称之为哲学的历史，本文则立足于理性与自由两个重要维度，对黑格尔的历史观进行深入阐述，意在揭示黑格尔的历史哲学的深层内涵：即阐明历史是合乎理性的历史，而且我们可以通过理性思维把握到历史的内在本质，但在黑格尔这里理性是思辨的理性，历史是在各种本质的规定的联系中的有机统一体，他在这里给我们提供了一种区别于知性的把握历史的方式；另一方面，黑格尔继承了康德的目的论思想，赋予了历史的理性以内在的目的，即自由。历史在黑格尔这里是历史理性的自我实现的历史，同时也是人类的自由的实现史。自由是历史理性的内在目的，而理性是作为自由实现的必然性过程展示。理性与自由在黑格尔的历史观中实现了内在统一，二者构成理解黑格尔历史观的两个重要维度。