从方法论看中国比较文学百年史

摘要

From the perspective of methodology,most of the studies in China have been parallel study in the centenary history of comparative literature,and the influence study not popular all the time.There are various reasons about it:first,there were u-tilitarian factors,such as tending towards powerfulness and newness,national emotions;secondly,there were also some tradi-tional factors,including the spirituality to which our national culture attaches importance.Even though there were a few such ad-vocates for the influence study as Ji Xianlin,they often confused the parallel study with influence study.Consequently,their re-search models often began with the analogy of parallel study,but ended up with the conclusion of influence study.In reality, they did parallel study in part,which was put on a cloak of influence study.Represented by Cao Shunqing,the Chinese School advocates variations studies in comparative literature,and tries to integrate parallel study and influence study,which is a post-colonial resistance tactics in the study of Chinese contemporary literature.%从方法论的角度来看，中国比较文学的百年史，总体上以平行研究居多，而影响研究一直不盛。其原因是多方面的，既有趋强趋新的心理与民族情感等功利因素，又有民族文化重“性灵”等传统因素。即使有少数影响研究的倡导者，如季羡林，还常常对平行研究与影响研究认识不清，将两者混淆，导致其研究模式通常是以平行研究的类比开始，以影响研究的结论告终，其实质是做了一半的平行研究，被强行披上影响研究的外衣。以曹顺庆先生为代表的中国学派，主张比较文学变异学研究，力图融合影响研究与平行研究，是中国当代文学研究的一种后殖民主义抵抗策略。