Etude et conception d'un generateur hybride d'electricite de type eolien-diesel avec element de stockage d'air comprime.

摘要

These works present an overview of energy storage technologies by detailing their technical characteristics, their advantages and their disadvantages. This research led to the elaboration of a new method of choice characterized by the performance index of energy storage technologies where the determination of this index can be obtained from a series of decision matrices.;For a medium-scale system, the case of a northern village, Tuktoyaktuk, was chosen for the study. The modeling of the wind-diesel-compressed air medium scale hybrid system (WDCAMSHS) did not take into account the choice of the wind turbine and the sizing of the compression and storage system for the compressed air given that there are the same thermodynamic and statistical models to be used as for the small scale system. On the other hand, only the supercharged system of the diesel engine was modeled. Aware that all diesel engines used in remote sites are already equipped by a turbocharger, the methods envisaged to supercharge the diesel engine by stored compressed air must take into account the presence of this turbocharger. Several possible methods of supercharging diesel engines using stored compressed air have been identified: (1) the use of an air turbine connected onthe turbocharger shaft, (2) the two stage supercharging, (3) the admission of compressed air directly in the compressor (4) the admission directly in the engine (5) the hyperbar supercharging, (6) the supercharging based on pressurized LENOIR cycle, (7) the supercharging with downsiilng. The various solutions were evaluated in order to identify the most efficient candidate technology and the most adaptable for the wind-diesel system by using the following criteria: the efficiency, the simplicity, the adaptability, the cost and the control system. Once the choice is determined, the thermodynamic analysis has focused on solving the equations of pressure and temperature of the air passages through the air filter, the heat exchangers, the compressor, the combustion chamber and the turbine. It is necessary to add the equations of energy balance for the diesel engine crankshaft and the turbocharger shaft to be capable of determining the optimal performances of the system. The obtained model was applied to diesel engines used in the northern village of Tuktoyaktuk in order to quantify the really fuel economy obtained thanks to the use of WDCAMSHS and the decrease of greenhouse gases emissions. This study concretized in 2 journal papers, 4 conference papers and 2 technical reports.;Finally, a prototype test banch was realized at the Universite du Quebec a Chicoutimi (UQAC) to validate experimentally the theoretical results obtained from numerical modeling of WDCAMSHS. One of the proposed designs for supercharged diesel engines was applied. The obtained results confirmed the validity of the proposed idea, the additional supercharging of diesel engine, and even opened the possibilities for other applications in automobile industry (civil and military vehicles). For logistical and financial reasons, the prototype for the small scale system, the compression and storage system was not realized.;The results, theoretical and experimental, obtained during this thesis have demonstrated the great potential of wind-diesel-compressed air energy storage system for both types of applications: small and medium scale. However, there is a lot of improvement to be made in the future work: (1) elaborate a strategy of command for the 2 systems, (2) realize a study more detailed in the case of a WDCAMSHS by considering the load profile of the northern village, (3) realize a more detailed economic and ecological study, taking into consideration all factors that may affect the profitability of the system, etc. (Abstract shortened by UMI.);The use of compressed air as the agent of energy storage is perfectly adapted as much to the wind production as to the diesels. In principle, the compressed air stored in the reservoirs during the periods of excess wind power production (strong wind) would be injected into the diesel generators in the case of the medium scale applications (villages, islands, .00) or in the compressed air engines for the small-scale applications (telecommunication stations, border posts, ...) and that during the periods of weak wind power production (low or no wind). This hybrid system would act in real time in order to maintain an optimal balance between the generated and the consumed powers and realize a remarkable decrease of the fuel consumption of diesel engine, whatever the level of the power demand.